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A Microarray-based Analysis of Transcriptional Compartmentalization in the Alimentary Canal of Anopheles gambiae

ABSTRACT: Although the basic anatomical sub-divisions of the larval mosquito gut were established several decades ago, information regarding their exact physiological roles is rather scarce. Several studies have reported differences between larval gut compartments in various morphological and physiological aspects. Unfortunately, the fragmentary and incomplete nature of this information makes it hard to establish clear links to the specific and/or unique physiological roles of each gut region. In this study, we attempted to identify transcripts significantly enriched in each gut section of the 4th instar Anopheles gambiae larva. We took advantage of a commercially-available microarray platform containing ~14,000 different An. gambiae transcripts (Affymetrix GeneChip® Plasmodium/Anopheles array, Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, CA). Based on the information obtained, we discuss the putative physiological roles of each major compartment of the larval gut, and identify potential new targets for larval control strategies. Keywords: tissue comparison

ORGANISM(S): Plasmodium falciparum Anopheles gambiae

PROVIDER: GSE7149 | GEO | 2007/10/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA98193

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Although the salivary transcriptome of adult mosquitoes has been thoroughly described in several recent papers, very little information exists regarding the biological role of larval salivary glands in the Culicidae. We used whole-transcriptome AffymetrixÂ® chips to compare the transcriptional profiles of Anopheles gambiae larval (L4) salivary glands and whole larvae. We identified a total of 277 transcripts as being significantly enriched in the salivary glands. Based on available annotation for the known or predicted protein sequences encoded by these transcripts, 41 were identified as corresponding to secreted proteins, 233 as corresponding to non-secreted (housekeeping) proteins, and 3 as encoding proteins of unknown function. Based on functional annotation of the putatively secreted gene products, we propose that larval salivary secretions have roles in nutrient digestion, detoxification, immunity, and mouthpart lubrication. Interestingly, several components of the larval saliva (e.g. apyrase and serine proteases) have also been reported to exist in adult female saliva, where they are though to help regulate a vertebrate hostâs immune response to bloodfeeding. In conclusion, our results suggest that the salivary glands are important components of both the digestive and immune systems of larval mosquitoes, and that their study might provide clues about the evolution of adaptations to bloodfeeding observed in adults. Experiment Overall Design: We attempted to identify transcripts that are both present and significantly enriched in the salivary glands (SG) of the 4th instar Anopheles gambiae larva. Transcripts were considered as present in the SG if the built-in Affymetrix detection call scored them as such in all three biological replicates of the experiment. Expression values (i.e. signal intensities) of transcripts from the salivary glands were compared to those of a matching group of whole 4th instar larvae using a t-test. Transcripts showing an expression value two-fold or higher (p < 0.01; false discovery rate=1%) in the SG as compared to whole larvae were considered to be significantly enriched.

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A Microarray-based Analysis of Transcriptional Compartmentalization in the Alimentary Canal of Anopheles gambiae

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