Depletion of the Chromatin Remodeler CHD4 Sensitizes AML Blasts to Genotoxic Agents and Reduces Tumor Formation
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE71865 | GEO | 2015/10/01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA292334
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4) is an ATPase that alters the phasing of nucleosomes on DNA and has recently been implicated in DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair. Here, we show that depletion of CHD4 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts induces a global relaxation of chromatin that renders cells more susceptible to DSB formation, while concurrently impeding their repair. Furthermore, CHD4 depletion renders AML blasts more sensitive both in vitro and in vivo to genotoxic agents used in clinical therapy: daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (ara-C). Sensitization to DNR and ara-C is mediated in part by activation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated pathway, which is preliminarily activated by a Tip60-dependent mechanism in response to chromatin relaxation and further activated by genotoxic agent-induced DSBs. This sensitization preferentially affects AML cells, as CHD4 depletion in normal CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors does not increase their susceptibility to DNR or ara-C. Unexpectedly, we found that CHD4 is necessary for maintaining the tumor-forming behavior of AML cells, as CHD4 depletion severely restricted the ability of AML cells to form xenografts in mice and colonies in soft agar. Taken together, these results provide evidence for CHD4 as a novel therapeutic target whose inhibition has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of genotoxic agents used in AML therapy.
| S-EPMC4573869 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Epigenetic alterations contribute to leukemogenesis in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We used RNAi screens of AML cells together with non-transformed bone marrow cells and identified CHD4 as being required for AML maintenance. RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches, showed that CHD4 is essential for cell growth of leukemic cells in vitro, and disease progression in vivo, including primary childhood AML cells. Loss of function of CHD4 arrests AML cells in the G0 phase of the cell cycle, which is associated with downregulation of MYC and its target genes. Conversely, CHD4 suppression is not essential for normal blood cells. Taken together, our results identify CHD4 as a potential therapeutic target in childhood AML.
2018-11-01 | GSE106392 | GEO
Project description:Glioblastomas (GBM) harbor subpopulations of therapy-resistant tumor initiating cells (TICs) that are self-renewing and multipotent. To understand the regulation of the TIC state, we performed an image-based screen for genes regulating GBM TIC maintenance and identified ZFHX4, a 397-kDa transcription factor. ZFHX4 is required to maintain TIC-associated phenotypes in vitro, suggesting that ZFHX4 regulates TIC differentiation, and its suppression increases glioma-free survival in intracranial xenografts. ZFHX4 interacts with CHD4, a core member of the NuRD (nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase) complex. ZFHX4 and CHD4 bind to overlapping sets of genomic loci and control similar gene expression programs. Using expression data derived from GBM patients, we demonstrate ZFHX4 is a master regulator of CHD4-mediated gene expression. These observations define ZFHX4 as a regulatory factor that links the chromatin remodeling NuRD complex and the GBM TIC state. Examination of binding of ZFHX4 and CHD4 across the human genome, using the 0308 tumor initiating cell line. Two replicates for each protein, compared to whole cell extract inputs.
2014-01-16 | E-GEOD-52419 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cardiac development relies on proper cardiomyocyte differentiation including expression and assembly of cell-type specific actomyosin subunits into a functional cardiac sarcomere. Control of this process involves not only promoting expression of cardiac sarcomere subunits but also repressing expression of non-cardiac myofibril paralogs. This level of transcriptional control requires broadly expressed multiprotein machines that modify and remodel the chromatin landscape to restrict transcription machinery access. Prominent among these is the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which includes the catalytic core subunit CHD4. Here, we demonstrate that direct CHD4-mediated repression of skeletal and smooth muscle myofibril isoforms is required for normal cardiac sarcomere formation, function, and embryonic survival early in gestation. Through transcriptomic and system genome-wide analyses of CHD4 localization, we identified novel CHD4 binding sites in smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, fast skeletal α-actin, and the fast skeletal troponin complex genes. We further demonstrate that in the absence of CHD4, cardiomyocytes in the developing heart form a hybrid muscle cell that contains cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle myofibril components. These misexpressed paralogs intercalate into the nascent cardiac sarcomere to disrupt sarcomere formation and cause impaired cardiac function in utero. These results demonstrate the genomic and physiological requirements for CHD4 in mammalian cardiac development.
2018-05-15 | GSE109012 | GEO
Project description:ZFHX4 and CHD4 suppression independently shift tumor initiating cells out of a stem like state and toward a differentiated morphology. After gene suppression via transduction of a lentivirally mediated shRNA construct, RNA was extracted 3 and 5 days later and was hybridized on Affymetrix microarrays. Total RNA was extracted 3 and 5 days after shRNA transduction of 0308 TICs, for 3 (for CHD4) or 5 (ZFHX4) independent experiments. Complementary RNA synthesis and hybridization/scanning of U133 plus 2.0 microarrays using GeneChip products (Affymetrix) was done as described in the GeneChip manual.
2014-01-16 | E-GEOD-52363 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Chromatin remodeling plays important roles in gene regulation during development, differentiation and in disease. The chromatin remodeling enzyme CHD4 is a component of the NuRD and ChAHP complexes that are involved in gene repression. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Homo sapiens CHD4 engaged with a nucleosome core particle in the presence of the non-hydrolysable ATP analogue AMP-PNP at an overall resolution of 3.1 Å. The ATPase motor of CHD4 binds and distorts nucleosomal DNA at superhelical location (SHL) +2, supporting the 'twist defect' model of chromatin remodeling. CHD4 does not induce unwrapping of terminal DNA, in contrast to its homologue Chd1, which functions in gene activation. Our structure also maps CHD4 mutations that are associated with human cancer or the intellectual disability disorder Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome.
| S-EPMC7338049 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Our study reveal that Chd4 is essential for stemness maintenance of ESCs. As Chd4 deficient ESCs show attentuated self-renewal ability and induced differentiation marker gene expression. To confirm the effect of Chd4 on the transcriptome profile of ESCs, we performed microarray analyses for Chd4 deficient ESCs.
2017-05-01 | GSE89675 | GEO
Project description:We performed a label-free LC-MS/MS study to analyse the role of Chd4 regulation in MuSC in suppressing genes enabling programmed cell death as part of the muscle regeneration program. Lox-cre recombination was used to create a deletion mutant of the CHD4 chromatin modifier (exons 12-21). A pseudo "infection" with GFP was used as control. Proteomics analysis here serves as a method to compare the differentially deregulated proteins upon knockdown of Chd4 in MuSCs using Adenoviral CRE recombination.
2020-04-02 | PXD010370 | Pride
Project description:lncRNAs regulate protein functions via formation of protein-RNA complexes. Previous studies have shown that expression of viral lncRNA, polyadenylated nuclear RNA (PAN RNA) is essential for inducible viral genomic looping and distal gene activation during Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) reactivation. Here we show an underlying molecular mechanism and regulation of KSHV latency by a viral lncRNA-CHD4 (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4) interaction. Knock-out of the viral RNA binding protein, ORF57 protein, leads to decreased inducible and static viral genomic loops in latent chromatin and a failure to form RNA polymerase II aggregates in the nucleus during reactivation. We identified that CHD4's enzymatic activity silences viral gene expression by preventing nuclear aggregate formation. Furthermore, integrated genomic and proteomic studies together show that KSHV episomes frequently tether near the host cell centromeres and colocalize with a CHD4 protein complex, ChAHP. KSHV episomes detached from these sites when reactivation is triggered, and PAN RNA binds and inhibits CHD4 DNA binding in vitro. Our studies suggest that CHD4 exhibits strong repressor function by preventing inducible enhancer-promoter looping, and is therefore important for the ability of KSHV to establish and maintain latency in a “poised” state at specific host genomic loci.
2022-03-17 | GSE163098 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study is to compare the cardiac transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq) of WT and CHD4-M195I hearts at E18.5 to conclude genes affected by this CHD4 mutation. Methods: mRNA profiles of E18.5 WT and CHD4-M195I mouse hearts were generated by deep sequencing, n=4 for each genotype, using Illumina HiSeq2500. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were analyzed at the transcript isoform level with two methods: Burrows–Wheeler Aligner (BWA) followed by ANOVA (ANOVA) and TopHat followed by Cufflinks. Results: RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses on E18.5 WT and CHD4-M195I hearts and identified 323 genes that were differentially expressed [adjusted P value <0.05, |log2(Fold Change)| > 0.5], 113 upregulated and 210 downregulated in CHD4-M195I hearts.
2023-05-08 | GSE229050 | GEO