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Interactions of PfETRAMP14.1 with PfEMP1 and EXP-2 at the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Plasmodium falciparum Anopheles gambiae Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE72448 | GEO | 2015/08/28

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA294078

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Interactions of PfETRAMP14.1 with PfEMP1 and EXP-2 at the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

2015-08-28 | E-GEOD-72448 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Interactions of PfETRAMP14.1 with PfEMP1 and EXP-2 at the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum [LOW PARASITEMIA ANALYSIS]

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Interactions of PfETRAMP14.1 with PfEMP1 and EXP-2 at the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum [HIGH PARASITEMIA ANALYSIS]

2015-08-28 | GSE72446 | GEO

Interactions of PfETRAMP14.1 with PfEMP1 and EXP-2 at the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum [HIGH PARASITEMIA ANALYSIS]

Project description:In our global differential gene expression analyses,ETRAMP14.1, an ETRAMP family member was found to be highly transcribed in vivo in severe Malaria patients from highly endemic Indian region. This study for the first time reports the interaction of ETRAMP14.1 with PfEMP1, EXP2 and Hsp70-1. Therefore, we propose that ETRAMP14.1 facilitate PfEMP1 to cross the PVM via transcolon machinery component EXP2. Peripheral blood samples containing ring forms of the P.falciparum from mild and severe malaria patients were used for RNA extraction, CDNA synthesis and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. In vitro ring stage P.falciparum cultures were used for normalization.

2015-08-28 | E-GEOD-72446 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Protein targeting to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of Plasmodium falciparum.

Project description:Red blood cell (RBC) invasion and parasitophorous vacuole (PV) formation by Plasmodium falciparum are critical for the development and pathogenesis of malaria, a continuing global health problem. Expansion of the PV membrane (PVM) during growth is orchestrated by the parasite. This is particularly important in mature RBCs, which lack internal organelles and no longer actively synthesize membranes. Pfs16, a 16-kDa integral PVM protein expressed by gametocytes, was chosen as a model for studying the trafficking of material from the parasite across the PV space to the PVM. The locations of Pfs16-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter proteins containing distinct regions of Pfs16 were tracked from RBC invasion to emergence. Inclusion of the 53 C-terminal amino acids (aa) of Pfs16 to a GFP reporter construct already containing the N-terminal secretory signal sequence was sufficient for targeting to and retention on the PVM. An amino acid motif identified in this region was also found in seven other known PVM proteins. Removal of the 11 C-terminal aa did not affect PVM targeting, but membrane retention was decreased. Additionally, during emergence from the PVM and RBC, native Pfs16 and the full-length Pfs16-GFP reporter protein were found to concentrate on the ends of the gametocyte. Capping was not observed in constructs lacking the amino acids between the N-terminal secretory signal sequence and the transmembrane domain, suggesting that this region, which is not required for PVM targeting, is involved in capping. This is the first report to define the amino acid domains required for targeting to the P. falciparum PVM.

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Project description:Malaria genetic variation has been extensively characterized, but the level of epigenetic plasticity remains largely unexplored. Here we provide a comprehensive characterization of transcriptional variation in the most lethal malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, based on highly accurate transcriptional analysis of isogenic parasite lines grown under homogeneous conditions. This analysis revealed extensive transcriptional heterogeneity within genetically homogeneous clonal parasite populations. We show that clonally variant expression controlled at the epigenetic level is an intrinsic property of specific genes and gene families, the majority of which participate in host-parasite interactions. Intrinsic transcriptional variability is not restricted to genes involved in immune evasion, but also affects genes linked to lipid metabolism, protein folding, erythrocyte remodeling, or transcriptional regulation, among others, indicating that epigenetic variation results in both antigenic and functional variation. We observed a general association between heterochromatin marks and clonally variant expression, extending previous observations for specific genes to essentially all variantly expressed gene families. These results suggest that phenotypic variation of functionally unrelated P. falciparum gene families is mediated by a common mechanism based on reversible formation of H3K9me3-based heterochromatin. In changing environments, diversity confers fitness to a population. Our results support the idea that P. falciparum uses a bet-hedging strategy, as an alternative to directed transcriptional responses, to adapt to common fluctuations in its environment. Consistent with this idea, we found that transcriptionally different isogenic parasite lines markedly differed in their survival to heat-shock mimicking febrile episodes and adapted to periodic heat-shock with a pattern consistent with natural selection of pre-existing parasites.

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