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Maternal Diet Enriched with Alpha Linolenic or Saturated Fatty Acids Differentially Regulates Gene Expression in Mice Offspring's liver.

ABSTRACT: Lipid metabolic disarray in young and adult mice offspring's liver is induced by saturated fatty acids (SFA) but prevented by alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 ω3) in the maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation. The aim of the present study was to analyse the impact of maternal dietary ALA on the liver gene expression in the new-born offspring in comparison to a SFA diet. Methods: C57Bl6/J dams were fed with diets normal in calories but rich in ALA or SFA before mating and during pregnancy. Pups were sacrificed at birth and liver parameters were assessed. Gene expression was characterized by microarray analysis and validated by real time qPCR. Results: ALA compared to SFA in maternal diets during pregnancy, increased polyunsaturated fatty acids while differentially modified fatty acid desaturase activities in offspring liver. Overall, 474 and 662 genes from born pups’ liver, were differentially regulated by ALA and SFA compared to control diet (p<0.05; Fold change 2), respectively. Notably, Per3 was up-regulated by ALA whereas down-regulated by SFA, compared to control diet. Conclusions: ALA and SFA enriched diets differentially affect gene expression pattern in the offspring’s liver. ALA in particular, upregulates genes associated to low adiposity.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE72924 | GEO | 2018/09/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is important for keeping homeostasis of biological processes and metabolism, yet the underlying biological mechanism is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify changes in the pig liver transcriptome induced by a diet enriched with omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, and to characterize the biological mechanisms related to PUFA metabolism. Polish Landrace pigs (n =12) were fed diet enriched with linoleic acid (LA, omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3 family) or standard diet as a control. The fatty acids profiling was assayed in order to verify how feeding influenced the fatty acids content in liver, and subsequently next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) between transcriptomes between dietary groups. The biological mechanisms and pathway interaction networks were identified by analysis in DAVID and Cytoscape tools. Fatty acids profile analysis indicated a higher contribution of PUFAs in liver for LA and ALA-enriched diet group, particularly for the omega-3 fatty acids family, but not omega-6. Next-generation sequencing identified 3,565 DEG, 1,484 of which were induced and 2,081 were suppressed by PUFA supplemenation. Low ratio of omega-6/-3 fatty acids resulted in modulation of fatty acids metabolism pathways and over-representation of genes involved in membrane composition, signal transduction and immune response pathways. In conclusion, a diet enriched with omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids altered the transcriptomic profile of the pig liver and affected a set of genes involved in metabolic pathways important to animal health status. Hepatic mRNA profiles of Polish Landrace pig breed fed two different diets, were generated by deep sequencing, using Illumina MiSeq. Experimental diet was enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-6 and omega-3), while standard diet remain as a cotrol. 2 pooled samples each containing RNA extracts from 6 individuals livers were analyzed.