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Phenotypic plasticity determines cancer stem cell therapeutic resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma I

ABSTRACT: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumour spread and therapeutic resistance, and can undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) to switch between epithelial and post-EMT sub-populations. Examining oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we now show that increased phenotypic plasticity, the ability to undergo EMT/MET, underlies increased CSC therapeutic resistance within both the epithelial and post-EMT sub-populations. The post-EMT CSCs that possess plasticity exhibit particularly enhanced therapeutic resistance and are defined by a CD44highEpCAMlow/-CD24+ cell surface marker profile. Treatment with TGFβ and retinoic acid (RA) enabled enrichment of this sub-population for therapeutic testing, through which the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor and autophagy inhibitor Thapsigargin was shown to selectively target these cells. Demonstration of the link between phenotypic plasticity and therapeutic resistance, and development of an in vitro method for enrichment of a highly resistant CSC sub-population, provides an opportunity for the development of improved chemotherapeutic agents that can eliminate CSCs.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE74578 | GEO | 2016/01/12

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA300869

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Phenotypic plasticity determines cancer stem cell therapeutic resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma I

Project description:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumour spread and therapeutic resistance, and can undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) to switch between epithelial and post-EMT sub-populations. Examining oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we now show that increased phenotypic plasticity, the ability to undergo EMT/MET, underlies increased CSC therapeutic resistance within both the epithelial and post-EMT sub-populations. The post-EMT CSCs that possess plasticity exhibit particularly enhanced therapeutic resistance and are defined by a CD44highEpCAMlow/-CD24+ cell surface marker profile. Treatment with TGFÎ² and retinoic acid (RA) enabled enrichment of this sub-population for therapeutic testing, through which the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor and autophagy inhibitor Thapsigargin was shown to selectively target these cells. Demonstration of the link between phenotypic plasticity and therapeutic resistance, and development of an in vitro method for enrichment of a highly resistant CSC sub-population, provides an opportunity for the development of improved chemotherapeutic agents that can eliminate CSCs. The CA1 OSCC cell line was sub-cloned to derive 4 clonal sub-lines, termed pEMT-P, pEMT-S, Epi-S and Epi-P (here 18, 23, 7 and 4 respectively).

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2015-06-22 | E-GEOD-62230 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the process whereby cells gain migratory and invasive properties characteristic of mesenchymal cells, plays a central role in embryogenesis and wound healing in a wide range of tissues. However, EMT has also been linked to the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Many of the signaling pathways involved in EMT have also been implicated in CSC formation but the processes that contribute uniquely to CSC formation remain elusive. We have previously demonstrated that PKCÎ¸ activation is critical for EMT induction and concomitant CSC formation in the breast cancer luminal epithelial cell line, MCF7. To discover how PKC-induced alterations in the epigenome influence the EMT and CSC formation in MCF-7 cells, we employed a combination of expression profiling and Formaldehyde Assisted Regulatory Elements (FAIRE)-sequencing in order to reveal novel links between gene expression and DNA accessibility changes after PKCÎ¸ activation. We found that, during EMT, increases in accessibility generally occurred in regions away from transcription start sites, low in CpG, enriched with chromatin marks of enhancer elements and motifs for FOX, AP1, TEAD and AP2. Increases in FOX and AP-1 motif accessibility were associated with genes that exhibited increased expression in CSC, while increased AP-2 accessibility was associated with genes that had higher expression in non-CSCs. This study revealed novel regions of DNA accessibility induced by PKC that contribute to the understanding of how epigenomic plasticity of cells undergoing EMT leads to the activation of genes that drive the CSC program. 2 biological samples were analysed with 2 biological replicates each and a mixed total input.

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