Endurance training in early life results in long-term programming of heart mass in rats
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus
PROVIDER: GSE75781 | GEO | 2015/12/09
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA305348
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:This study aimed to examine if early life exercise could normalize the reduced heart mass we have previously observed in the adult hearts from growth restricted rats. We investigated the molecular pathways using microarray analysis to explain how endurance exercise in early life might be regulating the sustained increase in heart mass we have observed in these rats in adulthood. At 5 weeks of age, male WKY rats were allocated to one of the following exercise treatments: remained sedentary with post mortem (PM) at 9 or 24 weeks, early exercise training (from 5-9 weeks of age) with PM at 9 or 24 weeks, or later exercise training (from 20-24 weeks of age) with PM at 24 weeks (n=8 males/group). Exercise training involved treadmill running 5 days/ week for 4 weeks. Running duration progressively increased from 20 up to 60 minutes per day, with the treadmill speed set at 15 m/min for the first week and 20 m/min thereafter. At 9 or 24 weeks of age rats were killed with an intraperitoneal injection of Ilium Xylazil-20 (30 mg/kg) and Ketamine (225 mg/kg). The rats in the 9 week old early exercise and 24 week old later exercise groups were killed 72 hours following the last bout of treadmill running. Total RNA was obtained from the whole-hearts for analysis Total RNA obtained from the hearts of WKY rats. Male offspring remained sedentary or underwent treadmill running from 5-9 weeks (early exercise) or 20-24 weeks of age (later exercise).
2015-12-09 | E-GEOD-75781 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Seventy two rats were randomized to twelve independent groups of rats (n = 6 in all groups) where half of the rats were chosen for training (treadmill exercise training 1.5 hour 5 days a week, in 1, 4, 24, 48 days and for 4 and 8 weeks) or sedentary (no training) as described in detail by Wisloff et al. (Intensity-controlled treadmill running in rats: VO(2 max) and cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Mar;280(3):H1301-10.) or Kemi et al.(Aerobic fitness is associated with cardiomyocyte contractile capacity and endothelial function in exercise training and detraining. Circulation. 2004 Jun 15;109(23):2897-904. Epub 2004 Jun 1.). The rats were scarified one hour after training (1, 4, 24 and 48 days) or 24 hours after training (4 and 8 weeks). Biopsies form left ventricle was taken form all rats and stored on -80°C for preparation of RNA. The same procedures were performed for the control/sedentary rats which were sacrificed at the same time as the exercised rats.
2006-11-10 | E-TABM-166 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The goal of the endurance exercise training study in young adult rats was to perform exercise training studies in young adult (6-month-old) F344 rats, and from these rats collect multiple tissues in order to provide high quality samples for detailed analysis by chemical analysis sites. Tissues were collected from 10-12 rats sedentary control rats concurrent with the collection of the 8-week training groups. The 8-week training group and controls were from the same cohort and same age at euthanasia. For the older age group, an additional set of controls (n=5-6) were collected with the 1-2 week training group. Rats were either sedentary or underwent an exercise training program. Rats were exercised on the rodent treadmill 5 days per week using a progressive training protocol designed to exercise the rats at approximately 70% of VO2max and training was performed no earlier than 10:00 am and no later than 5:00 pm over 5 consecutive days per week. Training was initiated with the treadmill set at 70% of VO2 max and 5 degrees grade for 20 minutes. The duration of exercise was increased by one minute each day until day 31 of training (start of week 7), when a duration of 50 min was reached. Speed and grade of each training session increased in larger increments due to treadmill parameters. The highest intensity and duration of training began on day 31. This intensity was maintained for the final 10 days of the protocol to ensure steady state had been achieved. If any rats were unable to perform at least 4 days of training per week they were removed from the study and euthanized. It is important to note that the starting treadmill speed varied depending on the sex and age of the rat. The initial and maximum speeds were based on VO2max measurements obtained during the pre-training testing of the compliant rats. Rats assigned to the control group followed a schedule similar to the training group. They were placed in one lane on the treadmill for 15 minutes/day, 5 days per week. The treadmill was set at 0 m/min at an incline that corresponded to the incline being used by the training group.
2023-09-30 | GSE242357 | GEO
Project description:The goal of the endurance exercise training study in young adult rats was to perform exercise training studies in young adult (6-month-old month) F344 rats, and from these rats collect multiple tissues in order to provide high quality samples for detailed analysis by chemical analysis sites. Tissues were collected from 10-12 rats sedentary control rats concurrent with the collection of the 8-week training groups. The 8-week training group and controls were from the same cohort and same age at euthanasia. For the older age group, an additional set of controls (n=5-6) were collected with the 1-2 week training group. Rats were either sedentary or underwent an exercise training program. Rats were exercised on the rodent treadmill 5 days per week using a progressive training protocol designed to exercise the rats at approximately 70% of VO2max and training was performed no earlier than 10:00 am and no later than 5:00 pm over 5 consecutive days per week. Training was initiated with the treadmill set at 70% of VO2 max and 5 degrees grade for 20 minutes. The duration of exercise was increased by one minute each day until day 31 of training (start of week 7), when a duration of 50 min was reached. Speed and grade of each training session increased in larger increments due to treadmill parameters. The highest intensity and duration of training began on day 31. This intensity was maintained for the final 10 days of the protocol to ensure steady state had been achieved. If any rats were unable to perform at least 4 days of training per week they were removed from the study and euthanized. It is important to note that the starting treadmill speed varied depending on the sex and age of the rat. The initial and maximum speeds were based on VO2max measurements obtained during the pre-training testing of the compliant rats. Rats assigned to the control group followed a schedule similar to the training group. They were placed in one lane on the treadmill for 15 minutes/day, 5 days per week. The treadmill was set at 0 m/min at an incline that corresponded to the incline being used by the training group.
2023-09-30 | GSE242354 | GEO
Project description:The goal of the endurance exercise training study in young adult rats was to perform exercise training studies in young adult (6-month-old) F344 rats, and from these rats collect multiple tissues in order to provide high quality samples for detailed analysis by chemical analysis sites. Tissues were collected from 10-12 rats sedentary control rats concurrent with the collection of the 8-week training groups. The 8-week training group and controls were from the same cohort and same age at euthanasia. For the older age group, an additional set of controls (n=5-6) were collected with the 1-2 week training group. Rats were either sedentary or underwent an exercise training program. Rats were exercised on the rodent treadmill 5 days per week using a progressive training protocol designed to exercise the rats at approximately 70% of VO2max and training was performed no earlier than 10:00 am and no later than 5:00 pm over 5 consecutive days per week. Training was initiated with the treadmill set at 70% of VO2 max and 5 degrees grade for 20 minutes. The duration of exercise was increased by one minute each day until day 31 of training (start of week 7), when a duration of 50 min was reached. Speed and grade of each training session increased in larger increments due to treadmill parameters. The highest intensity and duration of training began on day 31. This intensity was maintained for the final 10 days of the protocol to ensure steady state had been achieved. If any rats were unable to perform at least 4 days of training per week they were removed from the study and euthanized. It is important to note that the starting treadmill speed varied depending on the sex and age of the rat. The initial and maximum speeds were based on VO2max measurements obtained during the pre-training testing of the compliant rats. Rats assigned to the control group followed a schedule similar to the training group. They were placed in one lane on the treadmill for 15 minutes/day, 5 days per week. The treadmill was set at 0 m/min at an incline that corresponded to the incline being used by the training group.
2023-09-30 | GSE242355 | GEO
Project description:Physical exercise training is a known protective factor against cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the underlying specific molecular mechanisms still remain uncompletely explored. To identify molecular mechanisms by which exercise training induces this favorable phenotype a genomic approach was used in an animal model of mild exercise previously demonstrated by our group to induce cardioprotection. Our data indicate that mild exercise by inducing no or few permanent changes in gene expression profile is able to determine cardioprotection without induction of cardiac hypertrophy. Experiment Overall Design: We investigated the gene expression profile by Affymetrix technology (230 2.0 GeneChip rat genome array) induced by mild exercise training (treadmill running: 25 m/min, 10% incline, 1 h/day, 3 days/week, 10 weeks) on left ventricle (LV) of exercise-trained (n=10) and sedentary control (n=10) rats.
2008-04-09 | E-GEOD-7640 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:n total, 16 7-week-old male F344 rats were subjected to model regular exercise and sedentary lifestyle. In the second week after arrival and acclimatization to the reversed light/dark cycle, rats were introduced to the forced running wheel without a specific running mode. It was followed by a 12-day training phase for all 16 experimental animals (started at 9 weeks of age) by gradually increasing the running speed and duration. During the training phase, 8 best performers were selected for the runner group while the remaining 8 rats were assigned to the sedentary group. The regular forced running exercise phase for the runner group lasted for 5 weeks in total, including 4 weeks of regular running. After 4 weeks of regular exercise, rats underwent brief anesthesia and of blood from the tail vein were taken. This step was repeated for the same animals immediately after 1h of running. On the same day, a blood sample was collected from the sedentary rats following the same protocol. Plasma was collected and immediately frozen for further EV isolation. EVs were isolated from rat plasma by size exclusion chromatography. RNA libraries were constructed using CleanTag® Small RNA Library Prep Kit (Trilink Biotechnologies, USA) and sequenced on Illumina NextSeq500 instrument using NextSeq 500/550 Mid Output Kit v2.5 (150 cycles).
2021-12-28 | E-MTAB-11020 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Six rats (treatment group) underwent a 13-week downhill treadmill running exercise programme and six rats (control group) were studied in this experiments. The RNAs were extracted from rat Achille's tendon tissue and sequenced using Illumina Hiseq platform.
2020-06-30 | E-MTAB-7563 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Many studies have reported on beneficial aspects of running to improve hippocampus-related spatial memory and promote neuroplastic changes like adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Such research has also revealed molecular factors associated with molecular signaling by BDNF and IGF-I leading to CREB activation. However, the optimum exercise intensity for genome-wide beneficial effects remains unclear. We thus investigate the whole spectrum of hippocampal molecular change by exercise using DNA microarray-based transcript profiling in two different intensity groups. Lactate threshold (LT), at which lactate starts to accumulate in the blood, defined the intensity: mild- (ME, <LT) or intense-exercise (IE, >LT). Rats were subjected to 6 weeks of training or sedentary (CONT) regimes. After 6 weeks, spatial memory using Morris Water Maze (MWM), AHN, and hippocampal gene expressions were assessed. The functional relationships among the differentially expressed genes were generated using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and QIAGEN-based pathway analysis. Results revealed that ME, but not IE, improved the performance on probe trial in MWM and increased newborn mature neurons (BrdU+/NeuN+ cells) compared with CONT. Transcript profiling by comparison with CONT postulated that ME regulated protein synthesis through IRS-dependent pathway (e.g. PI3K-Akt signaling cascade), cholesterol trafficking and perisynaptic environment, while IE induced dysfunction of these process and cell death. The comparison of the expression between each intensity also supported these tendencies. Collectively, our findings indicate mild exercise should be beneficial in the development of both enhanced AHN and spatial memory, and several genes related to protein synthesis and lipid-metabolism may be critical those neuroplastic changes. This study is the first step to identify the potential triggers of exercise-induced cognitive gain. Eleven-week-old male Wistar rats (220-270 g; SLC, Saitama, Japan) were housed in polycarbonate steel cages with a 12-h light/dark schedule (lights on at 7:00 a.m.) and given ad libitum access to food and water. A total of 98 rats were used in this study to assess the influence of exercise intensity on physiological states (training effect of skeletal muscle and stress level) (n= 22), MWM (n= 32), AHN (n= 22), and global gene expression profiles of hippocampal by microarray (n= 22). All animal care and experimental procedures were performed in accordance with protocols approved by the University of Tsukuba Animal Experiment Committee, based on the National Institute of Health (NIH) Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH publication, revised 1996). All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and to reduce the number of animals used in this study. To adapt the rearing environment and remove any unintended stress effects, animals underwent a week of preliminary rearing to ambient conditions in groups housing conditions (2-3 rats/cage). After the preliminary rearing, the animals were randomized into three groups based on the LT of treadmill running: Sedentary control (CONT, rest on treadmill), Mild Exercise (ME, below LT, 15 m/min) or Intense Exercise (IE, above LT, 40 m/min). Exercise group was habituated to run on a treadmill (KN-73, Natsume Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) for 1 (for ME) or 4 (for IE) weeks. Within a given test period, rats were able to run on the above-mentioned running speeds. After this running habituation, rats were entered into the exercise training session for 6 weeks in total. The running duration was 60 min/day and frequency was 5 times/week. Exercise training was performed between 19:00 and 22:00 (during dark phase). Rat’s body weight and physical condition were monitored until the end of training. If rats could not perform well running on each determined speed and showed poor health, those were eliminated from the study. Based on the criteria, a total of 13 rats were eliminated (bad runner - 4 rats; poor health - 7 rats). Twenty-four or thirty-six hours after the last training, rats were processed to the next step. In the microarray group, the whole brain of each animal was rapidly removed, and hippocampus was separated on ice according to the method of Glowinski and Iversen (1966), with minor modifications. Hippocampi were immediately flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen. The deep-frozen hippocampi were transferred to a pre-chilled (in liquid nitrogen) mortar and pestle, and ground to a very fine powder with liquid nitrogen. The powdered samples were stored in aliquots at -80ºC till used for further analysis. Total RNA was extracted from each sample powder (~50 mg) using the QIAGEN RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Maryland, USA). To verify the quality of this RNA, the yield and purity were determined spectrophotometrically (NanoPhotomaterTM, IMPLEN, Munich, Germany) and visually confirmed using formaldehyde gel electrophoresis. We used the sample with a ratio of spectrophotometric absorbance at 260 nm to that at 230 (A260/A230) or 280 nm (A260/A280) above 1.8. An equal amount of RNA (1000 ng) from the five rats, randomly picked up from each exercise group (n = 5), was pooled and used for microarray analysis. In this study, we performed three combinations of comparison analysis of gene expression change. First, we compared the difference between CONT and ME (combination 1) or IE (combination 2) to confirm the exercise-intensity-dependent gene expression change. Subsequently, we made a comparison of ME with IE (combination 3) to elucidate a ME-based difference of IE inducible gene. In all combinations, total RNA (1000 ng) was labeled with either Cy3 or Cy5 dye using an Agilent Low RNA Input Fluorescent Linear Amplification Kit (Agilent Technologies Inc., CA, USA). Fluorescently labeled targets of control as well as treated samples were hybridized to the same microarray slide with 60-mer probes (4 x 44K (41,090 gene probes), rat whole genome, Agilent). A flip labelling (dye-swap or reverse labelling with Cy3 and Cy5 dyes) procedure was followed to nullify the dye bias associated with unequal incorporation of the two Cy dyes into cDNA. Hybridization and wash processes were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and hybridized microarrays were scanned using an Agilent Microarray scanner. For the detection of significantly differentially expressed genes between control and exercise samples each slide image was processed by Agilent Feature Extraction software (version 9.5.3.1).
2014-04-05 | E-GEOD-45813 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We investigated the effects of diabetes, physical training, and their combination on the gene expression of cardiac muscle. Mice were divided to control (C), training (T), streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D), and diabetic training (DT) groups. Training groups performed 1, 3, or 5 weeks of endurance training on a motor-driven treadmill. Muscle samples from T and DT groups together with respective controls were collected 24 hours after the last training session. Gene expression of cardiac muscles were analyzed using Affymetrix Gene chip MG U74Av2 (Affymetrix , Inc., Santa Clara, CA). Experiment was performed on 10 to 15 weeks old male NMRI mice (Harlan, Holland) housed in standard conditions (temperature 22°C, humidity 60 ± 10 %, artificial light from 8.00 am to 8.00 pm, normally 5 animals per cage). Animals had free access to tap water and food pellets (R36, Labfor, Stockholm, Sweden). Animals were randomly divided into healthy and diabetic groups. The diabetic group received a single peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, Sigma-Aldrich, France, 180 mg/kg) dissolved in sodium citrate buffer solution (0.1 mol/l, pH 4.5) to induce experimental diabetes similar to type 1. The other group received injection of an equal volume of buffer. Diabetes was confirmed 72 hours after the injection by urine glucose testing (Glukotest(r), Roche, Germany), and mice were characterized diabetic when urine glucose values were greater than 200 mg/dl. Diabetic and healthy animals were randomly assigned into 12 groups (n = 5 per group), which were sedentary or trained for one, three or five weeks. Training groups performed 1 hour per day of treadmill running at 21 m/min and 2.5° incline. After one day of familiarization on a rodent treadmill, the mice ran as described above 5 days per week. Mice were sacrificed 24 hours after the last training bout (respective sedentary controls at the same time) by cervical dislocation followed by decapitation. Cardiac muscle was removed, weighed, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C for further analysis.
2007-11-23 | E-GEOD-4616 | biostudies-arrayexpress