OCT4 controls mitotic spindle function and inactivates the RB tumor suppressor pathway to enhance high-grade serous ovarian cancer aggressiveness
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE76689 | GEO | 2017/01/31
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA308320
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) tumor microenvironment (TME) is constellated by cellular elements and a network of soluble constituents that contribute to tumor progression. In the multitude of the secreted molecules, the endothelin-1 (ET-1) has emerged to be implicated in the tumor/TME interplay, however the molecular mechanisms induced by the ET-1-driven feed-forward loops (FFL) and associated with the HG-SOC metastatic potential need to be further investigated. The tracking of the patient-derived (PD) HG-SOC cell transcriptome by RNA-seq identified the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and its associated signature among those mostly upregulated by ET-1 and down-modulated by the dual ET-1R antagonist macitentan. Within the ligand-receptor pairs concurrently expressed in PD-HG-SOC cells, endothelial cells and activated fibroblasts, we discovered two intertwined FFL, the ET-1/ET-1R and VEGF/VEGF receptors, concurrently activated by ET-1 and shutting-down by macitentan, or by the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab. In parallel, we observed that ET-1 fine-tuned the tumoral and stromal secretome towards a pro-invasive pattern. Into the fray of the HG-SOC/TME double and triple co-cultures, the secretion of ET-1 and VEGF, that share a common co-regulation, was inhibited upon the administration of macitentan. Functionally, macitentan, mimicking the effect of bevacizumab, interfered with the HG-SOC/TME FFL-driven communication that fuel the HG-SOC invasive behaviour. The identification of ET-1 and VEGF FFL as tumor and TME actionable vulnerabilities, reveal how ET-1R blockade, targeting the HG-SOC cells and the TME simultaneously, may represent an effective therapeutic option for HG-SOC patients.
2024-07-17 | GSE268498 | GEO
Project description:High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC), characterized by very frequent mutations in TP53 gene, is a highly lethal cancer and is refractory to therapeutic strategies. In HG-SOC, the reciprocal signal exchange between tumor cells and various types of stromal elements from the tumor microenvironment (TME) shapes the malignant phenotype and limits drug efficacy, suggesting that blunting the HG-SOC/TME interplay may improve the anti-tumor therapy response rate. Here, we unveil how the endothelin-1 (ET-1)/ET-1 receptors (ET-1R) signaling, instructing the mutual inter-regulation between HG-SOC cells, endothelial cells (EC) and activated fibroblasts, regulates malignant progression and PARP inhibitor (PARPi) response. Mechanistically, ET-1 axis, mimicking hypoxia, enhances the mutant p53 (mutp53)/YAP/hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) transcriptional cooperation, that culminates with the release of diffusible mediators, as ET-1 and VEGF, that charting a bilateral HG-SOC/stroma signaling route, regulate the acquisition of pro-metastatic traits and PARPi response. Concurrently, our study establishes that ET-1 signaling its instrumental for the activation of p53/YAP/HIF-1α transcriptional machinery within the EC and the activated fibroblasts, shaping their behaviour and secretome. The dual ET-1R antagonist macitentan, dismantling the ET-1R-mediated mutp53/YAP/HIF-1α network, interferes with the ET-1-guided tumor/stroma communication. In vivo macitentan, sensitizing HG-SOC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) to the PARPi, Olaparib, reduces their metastatic potential. Clinically relevant, ETAR/YAP/HIF-1α gene signature correlates with a dismal prognosis in HG-SOC patients. Our findings recognize in the networking between ET-1R and YAP/mutp53/HIF-1α a tumor/TME shared escaping strategy from DNA damaging agents and support the use of ET-1R antagonists in combinatorial treatments with PARPi for HG-SOC patients.
2023-01-11 | GSE196065 | GEO
Project description:We identified IGF2BP1 as a marker of the C5 molecular subtype of high-grade ovarian carcinoma (HG-SOC). IGF2BP1 promotes SRC activity and ERK2 expression enhancing the tolerance towards SRC- and MEK-directed inhibitors saracatinib and selumetib. Combination treatment overcomes IGF2BP1-promoted resistance.
2020-08-24 | GSE147980 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: Transcriptome profiling of organoids/tissues derived from murine oviduct and OSE was performed to study and compare the gene expression profiles in the both suspected origins of HG-SOC. CRISPR-Cas9 modified oviductal organoids (TBP clones, which were mutated in Trp53, Brca1 and Pten), the tumors derived upon xenotransplantation of the TBP-clones and subsequent tumor-derived organoids were additionally profiled to show the transcriptional change upon aquiring mutations and tumor development. Methods: Both oviductal and OSE organoids as well as oviductal TBP-clones and tumor-derived organoids were grown in Wnt-conditioned media prior harvesting for RNA extraction. Additionally, RNA was extracted from healthy oviductal and OSE tissues and Ovi-TBP-clone-derived tumor tissues. RNA was converted to cDNA and libraries were prepared using the CelSeq2 method and sequenced. Samples were sequenced on Illumina NextSeq500 by using 75-bp paired-end sequencing. Paired-end reads from Illumina sequencing were aligned to the mouse genome (GRCm38 assembly) by BWA. DESeq2 (v1.18.0) package was used for read normalization and differential expression analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using gene lists for motile cilium assembly against normalized RNA-seq reads of healthy oviductal an OSE organoids using GSEA software v3.0 beta2. GSEA was additionally used to detect enrichment of signature gene sets of different HG-SOC subtypes in the TBP-clone-derived murine tumors Results: Transcriptome analysis of oviductal and OSE organoids/tissues revealed tissue-specific gene expression pattern in the organoid systems. In contrast to OSE counterparts, oviductal organoids showed enrichment in motile cilium assembly genes, reflecting the presence of ciliated cells in this model. Results: Oviductal TBP-clones gave rise to different tumor phenotypes with distinct gene expression profiles. Analysis of the transcriptomes of these tumors divided the TBP-clone-derived tumors into two distinct HG-SOC molecular subtypes (differentiated- or immunoreactive-like subtypes), confirming the potential of organoids in modeling HG-SOC. Results: The tumor-derived organoids retained the distinct phenotypes observed in the originating Ovi-TBP-clone derived tumors. Subset of tumors showed epithelial and others mesenchymal features that were maintained in the respective organoid cultures also in the gene expression level. Conclusions: RNA sequencing showed tissue specific differences in murine oviductal and OSE organoids, and revealed HG-SOC-like features of oviductal mutants.
2020-05-04 | GSE147882 | GEO
Project description:Microtubule nucleation is highly regulated during the eukaryotic cell cycle, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. During mitosis in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cytoplasmic microtubule nucleation ceases simultaneously with intranuclear mitotic spindle assembly. Cytoplasmic nucleation depends on the Mto1/2 complex, which binds and activates the γ-tubulin complex and also recruits the γ-tubulin complex to both centrosomal (spindle pole body) and non-centrosomal sites. Here we show that the Mto1/2 complex disassembles during mitosis, coincident with hyperphosphorylation of Mto2 protein. By mapping and mutating multiple Mto2 phosphorylation sites, we generate mto2-phosphomutant strains with enhanced Mto1/2 complex stability, interaction with the γ-tubulin complex and microtubule nucleation activity. A mutant with 24 phosphorylation sites mutated to alanine, mto2[24A], retains interphase-like behaviour even in mitotic cells. This provides a molecular-level understanding of how phosphorylation 'switches off' microtubule nucleation complexes during the cell cycle and, more broadly, illuminates mechanisms regulating non-centrosomal microtubule nucleation.
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Project description:This dataset consists of 1 raw MS file and associated peak list and result file, acquired on an Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer operated in Data Dependent Acquisition mode. The files are associated with a manuscript submitted for publication. Publication title: "JAK2-CHK2 signaling safeguards the integrity of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint and genome stability"
2021-03-31 | MSV000087138 | MassIVE
Project description:The spindle assembly checkpoint prevents chromosome mis-segregation during mitosis by delaying sister chromatid separation. Several F-box protein members play critical roles in maintaining genome stability and regulating cell cycle progress via ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Here, we showed that Fbxo6 critically regulated spindle checkpoint and chromosome segregation. Fbxo6 was phosphorylated during mitosis. Overexpression of Fbxo6 lead to faster exit from nocodazole-induced mitosis arrest through premature sister chromatid separation. Moreover, we found substantially more binuclear and multilobed nuclei cells accompanied with impaired cell viability in Fbxo6-overexpressed HeLa cells. Mechanistically, Fbxo6 interacted with spindle checkpoint proteins including Mad2 and BubR1 leading to the premature exit from mitosis. Overall, we revealed a novel role of Fbxo6 in regulating spindle checkpoint, which may shed light on the regulation of genome instability of cancer cells.
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Project description:Faithfull genome partitioning during cell division relies on the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC), a conserved signaling pathway that delays anaphase onset until all chromosomes are attached to spindle microtubules. Mps1 kinase is an upstream SAC regulator that promotes the assembly of an anaphase inhibitor through a sequential multi-target phosphorylation cascade. Thus, the SAC is highly responsive to Mps1, whose activity peaks in early mitosis as a result of its T-loop autophosphorylation. However, the mechanism controlling Mps1 inactivation once kinetochores attach to microtubules and the SAC is satisfied remains unknown. Here we show in vitro and in Drosophila that Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) inactivates Mps1 by dephosphorylating its T-loop. PP1-mediated dephosphorylation of Mps1 occurs at kinetochores and in the cytosol, and inactivation of both pools of Mps1 during metaphase is essential to ensure prompt and efficient SAC silencing. Overall, our findings uncover a mechanism of SAC inactivation required for timely mitotic exit.
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Project description:Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) plays an important role in safeguarding the mitotic progression, specifically the spindle assembly, though the mechanism of regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel mitotic phosphorylation site on CHK2 Tyr156, and its responsible kinase JAK2. Expression of a phospho-deficient mutant CHK2 Y156F or treatment with JAK2 inhibitor IV compromised mitotic spindle assembly, leading to genome instability. In contrast, a phospho-mimicking mutant CHK2 Y156E restored mitotic normalcy in JAK2-inhibited cells. Mechanistically, we show that this phosphorylation is required for CHK2 interaction with and phosphorylation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) kinase Mps1, and failure of which results in impaired Mps1 kinetochore localization and defective SAC. Concordantly, analysis of clinical cancer datasets revealed that deletion of JAK2 is associated with increased genome alteration; and alteration in CHEK2 and JAK2 is linked to preferential deletion or amplification of cancer-related genes. Thus, our findings not only reveal a novel JAK2-CHK2 signaling axis that maintains genome integrity through SAC but also highlight the potential impact on genomic stability with clinical JAK2 inhibition.
2024-10-16 | PXD056821 | Pride
Project description:Aberrant constitutive activation of receptor-mediated downstream signalling plays an active role in the deregulation of cell cycle control. The mitotic spindle checkpoint is important in preventing abnormal mitotic cell cycle with chromosome missegregation from achieving neoplastic aneuploidy. However, mechanisms coupling receptor-mediated signalling to mitotic spindle checkpoint regulation remain unclear. Pellino 1 is a receptor signal-responsive E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the application of certain receptor-mediated signalling regulates the expression and activity of Pellino 1. In the present study, Pellino 1 expression induced extensive chromosome aneuploidy and allowed abnormal mitotic cells to adapt and become aneuploid in vitro and in vivo. Pellino 1 directly interacted with BubR1, a key component of mitotic spindle checkpoint, in a mitotic cell-cycle dependent manner, and down-regulated the stability of BubR1 by ubiquitination-mediated degradation and induced mitotic dysfunction. In summary, Pellino 1 expression acts as an inhibitory signal of the homeostatic regulation of mitotic cell cycle and checkpoint, and thus contributes to the initiation and progression of neoplastic chromosome aneuploidy.
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