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Profound chemopreventative effects of a hydrogen sulfide-releasing NSAID in the APCMin/+ mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis

ABSTRACT: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers, but the propensity of these drugs to cause ulcers and bleeding limits their use. H2S has been shown to be a powerful cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory substance in the digestive system. This study explored the possibility that a H2S-releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ATB-346) would be effective in a murine model of hereditary intestinal cancer (APCMin+ mouse) and investigated potential mechanisms of action via transcriptomics analysis. Daily treatment with ATB-346 was significantly more effective at preventing intestinal polyp formation than naproxen. Significant beneficial effects were seen with a treatment period of only 3-7 days, and reversal of existing polyps was observed in the colon. ATB-346, but not naproxen, significantly decreased expression of intestinal cancer-associated signaling molecules (cMyc, β-catenin). Transcriptomic analysis identified 20 genes that were up-regulated in APCMin+ mice, 18 of which were reduced to wild-type levels by one week of treatment with ATB-346. ATB-346 is a novel, gastrointestinal-sparing anti-inflammatory drug that potently and rapidly prevents and reverses the development of pre-cancerous lesions in a mouse model of hereditary intestinal tumorigenesis. These effects may be related to the combined effects of suppression of cyclooxygenase and release of H2S, and correction of most of the APCMin+-associated alterations in the transcriptome. ATB-346 may represent a promising agent for chemoprevention of tumorigenesis in the GI tract and elsewhere.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE76928 | GEO | 2016/01/20

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA309176

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Aberrant DNA methylation is frequently observed in colorectal cancer (CRC), but the underlying mechanisms and pathological consequences are poorly understood. Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) dioxygenases and Thymine DNA Glycosylase (TDG) are involved in active DNA demethylation by generating and removing novel oxidized cytosine species. TET1 and TDG mutations, and alterations of the levels of oxidized cytosines have been identified in human CRC. To clarify the biological significance of the TET-TDG demethylation axis in intestinal tumorigenesis, we generated ApcMin mice that are devoid of Tet1 and/or Tdg, and characterized the methylome and transcriptome of intestinal adenomas by DREAM and RNA sequencing, respectively. Tet1-deficient and Tet1/Tdg-double heterozygous ApcMin adenomas manifested increased adenoma size and features of erosion or invasion, whereas an increased number (>30) of adenomas was found in Tdg-mutant ApcMin mice. Methylome analysis revealed progressive loss of global DNA hypomethylation in colonic adenomas from Tet1- and Tdg-deficient ApcMin mice, and hypermethylation of CpG islands in Tet1-deficient ApcMin mice. In addition, RNA sequencing showed upregulation of genes in inflammatory, immune and interferon response in Tet1- and Tdg-mutant colonic adenomas compared to control ApcMin adenomas. The corresponding 135-gene inflammatory signature separated human colonic adenocarcinomas into four groups, closely aligned with their microsatellite or chromosomal instability profile, and characterized by different levels of DNA methylation and DNMT1 expression levels that anti-correlated with TET1 expression levels. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of epigenetic regulation during intestinal tumorigenesis by which TET1-TDG-mediated active DNA demethylation decreases not only methylation levels, but also inflammatory/interferon/immune response, which impinges on the intrinsic features of genomic instability of the tumors. This study establishes a novel link, via inflammatory response, between epigenomic and genomic instability.

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Profound chemopreventative effects of a hydrogen sulfide-releasing NSAID in the APCMin/+ mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis

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