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Effects of diets differing in energy and protein content on the adipose tissue transcriptome of Norwegian Red Heifers

ABSTRACT: Effects of heifer feeding regimes on growth characteristics, metabolism, endocrinology, health and subsequent milk yield has been described in several studies. This indicates that nutritional impacts have both short- and long-term effects on the animal’s metabolic regulation. Adipose tissue has an important role in whole-body metabolic regulation, as it is the main site for both lipid synhtesis, storage and mobilization as well as an endocrinologically active organ. However, little is known about bovine adipose metabolism at gene level, and what is done is mostly found in mature cows by means of microarrays. The goal of this study was to apply next-generation RNA sequencing on the adipose tissue of Norwegian Red heifers fed differently, in order to gain knowledge about nutritionally induced regulatory mechanisms in growing dairy cattle. The objectives were to: 1) Describe the differential gene expression in the adipose tissue of heifers fed diets differing in energy and protein content; 2) Describe the long-term changes in adipose gene expression occuring within treatment groups between the experimental feeding period and 6 months after the transition from experimental diets to a similar diet offered to all animals; 3) Identify any post-treatment effects of the experimental feeding as expressed by differential gene expression between treatment groups still present 6 months after the termination of experimental feeding; and 4) To identify candidate genes for further studies on the breeding and feeding for improved feed efficiency and production in the Norwegian Red.

ORGANISM(S): Bos taurus

PROVIDER: GSE79347 | GEO | 2018/09/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:High-protein diets are known to reduce adiposity in the context of high carbohydrate and Western diets. However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. Body weight (BW) and food intake were measured weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. At the end of the study, the rats were killed 2 h after ingestion of a calibrated meal. Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. However, high-protein diets reduced by 20 % the adiposity gain induced by HS and high-sucrose high-fat (HS-HF) diets. Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). Moreover, ketogenesis, as indicated by plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, was higher in HS-HF-fed mice that were also fed high protein levels. Taken together, these results suggest that high-protein diets may reduce adiposity by inhibiting lipogenesis and stimulating ketogenesis in the liver. Adult male Wistar rats were fed diets with varying amounts of protein, carbohydrates and fat for 5 weeks. At the end of the experiment, rats were killed and tanscriptome analysis was performed on pooled liver samples.

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Effects of diets differing in energy and protein content on the adipose tissue transcriptome of Norwegian Red Heifers

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