Dataset Information

PfAP2-I-GFP anti-GFP and anti-IgG ChIP-seq

ABSTRACT: To determine the genome-wide occupancy of the Plasmodium falciparum transcriptional regulator of invasion PfAP2-I (PfDd2_100013100/PF3D7_1007700), we used chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Synchronized, schizont stage, 40 hours post-invasion, cultures of parasites expressing the AP2-I-GFP fusion protein were treated with formaldehyde to crosslink proteins to DNA and harvested. After shearing the DNA, the chromatin was incubated with anti-GFP antibody or IgG (as control) for immunoprecipitation. This material was used to generate Illumina sequencing libraries. The final libraries were multiplexed with fourteen barcoded samples per lane on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 system to generate 150 base pair single-end reads.

ORGANISM(S): Plasmodium falciparum

PROVIDER: GSE80293 | GEO | 2017/06/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA318518

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The pathogenicity of the malaria parasites results from their ability to invade and remodel red blood cells (RBCs), expressing antigenic variant proteins for immune evasion and survival, and then to egress from the host cell. These sequential processes require concerted actions of a large number of proteins during the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC)(Boddey and Cowman, 2013; Cowman et al., 2017; Tan and Blackman, 2021), but the molecular basis of the required regulation is only partially understood. Here, we have characterized an essential Apicomplexan AP2 (ApiAP2) transcription factor (we refer to it as PfAP2-MRP; Master Regulator of Pathogenesis) that shows two peaks of expression during the IDC at 16- and 40-hour post-invasion (h.p.i.). When expression of PfAP2-MRP at 40 h.p.i. was disrupted using an inducible gene knockout approach, ∆PfAP2-MRP parasites unable to form mature merozoites and egress from the host RBCs owing to strong down-regulation of several known egress- and invasion-associated genes, in addition to several novel hypothetical genes thought to be involved in these key life cycle processes. Disruption of PfAP2-MRP expression at 16 h.p.i. results in transcriptional activation of the majority of silenced var genes observed at both bulk and single-cell level. This is also reflected by a significantly higher level of immuno-recognition of the exported proteins on the ∆PfAP2-MRP parasite-infected RBCs by pooled sera from malaria-exposed individuals from an endemic region. In addition, overexpression of many early gametocyte marker genes was also observed in ∆PfAP2-MRP parasites at both 40 h.p.i., and at 16 h.p.i. PfAP2-MRP directly regulates these genes by binding to their promoter region or indirectly through 14 other downstream AP2 transcription factors. Taken together, we conclude that PfAP2-MRP is an upstream transcriptional regulator that participates in mutually exclusive expression patterns shown by the var family of genes and is a critical determinant of parasite's growth during the IDC.