Gene expression signatures in mouse epidermis with transglutaminase 1 deficiency
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE81109 | GEO | 2016/09/01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA320541
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:TGM1 is an enzyme that cross-links structural proteins in the uppermost granular layer of the epidermis to form cornified envelopes. Cornified envelopes ensure functional stratum corneum and epidermal barrier formation. It has been suggested that the activity of TGM1 is regulated on a posttranslational level. To identify endogenous TGM1 interactors, Virotrap has been performed.
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Project description:Lamellar Ichthyosis (LI) is a chronic disease, mostly caused by mutations in TGM1 gene, marked by impaired skin barrier formation. No definitive therapies are available and current treatments aim at symptomatic relief. LI mouse models often fail to faithfully replicate the clinical and histopathological features of human skin conditions. To develop advanced therapeutic approaches, as combined ex vivo cell and gene therapy, we established a human cellular model of LI by efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene ablation of the TGM1 gene in human primary clonogenic keratinocytes. Gene edited cells showed complete absence of Transglutaminase-1 (TG1) expression and recapitulate a hyperkeratotic phenotype with most of the molecular hallmarks of LI in vitro. Using a SINγ-RV vector expressing transgenic TGM1 under the control of its own promoter, we tested an ex vivo gene therapy approach and validate the model of LI as a platform for pre-clinical evaluation studies. Gene-corrected TGM1-null keratinocytes displayed proper TG1 expression, enzymatic activity and cornified envelopes formation, hence restored proper epidermal architecture. Single cell multiomic analysis demonstrated proviral integrations in holoclone-forming epidermal stem cells, which are crucial to epidermal regeneration. This study serves as a proof-of-concept for assessing the potential of this therapeutic approach in treating TGM1 dependent LI.
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Project description:Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a group of rare inherited skin disorders characterized by remarkable hyperkeratosis. Transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) mutations have been reported to be involved in four different phenotypes of ARCI, including lamellar ichthyosis (LI), non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NBCIE), bathing suit ichthyosis (BSI), and self-improving collodion ichthyosis (SICI) according to the clinical presentation and histopathology. TGM1 has been found as a defective gene in a large amount of patients with LI and some patients with NBCIE, BSI and SICI. To further understand the effect of TGM1 mutations in epidermal cells development, we performed the transcriptome analysis of HEK293T and HaCaT cells transfected with TGM1 shRNA, TGM1 wild-type and mutant clones. The transcriptomic analysis revealed the effects of TGM1 on cell-cell interaction by suppressing genes involved in the gap junctions, tight junctions and desmosomes. These findings suggested that the TGM1 deficiency disturbed the balance of keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation processes and impaired the epithelial barrier function. The results provided the basis for further understanding on the etiology of ARCI. To explore the functional impacts on some of the TGM1mutations identified, we cloned and transfected the TGM1 wild type and mutant clones into HEK293T and HaCaT cells. R142C and R348X sequence mutations observed in ARCI (Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis) patients were generated. The shRNA targeting TGM1 and a scrambled negative control were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). The293T and HaCaT cells were transfected with over-expression clones carry either wild-type or mutated TGM1sequence. Cells were harvested 48 hours post-transfection.
2015-12-31 | E-GEOD-70859 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a group of rare inherited skin disorders characterized by remarkable hyperkeratosis. Transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) mutations have been reported to be involved in four different phenotypes of ARCI, including lamellar ichthyosis (LI), non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NBCIE), bathing suit ichthyosis (BSI), and self-improving collodion ichthyosis (SICI) according to the clinical presentation and histopathology. TGM1 has been found as a defective gene in a large amount of patients with LI and some patients with NBCIE, BSI and SICI. To further understand the effect of TGM1 mutations in epidermal cells development, we performed the transcriptome analysis of HEK293T and HaCaT cells transfected with TGM1 shRNA, TGM1 wild-type and mutant clones. The transcriptomic analysis revealed the effects of TGM1 on cell-cell interaction by suppressing genes involved in the gap junctions, tight junctions and desmosomes. These findings suggested that the TGM1 deficiency disturbed the balance of keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation processes and impaired the epithelial barrier function. The results provided the basis for further understanding on the etiology of ARCI.
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Project description:The cross-linked envelope of the mammalian epidermal corneocyte is important as a scaffold for assembly of the lipid barrier of the epidermis. Illustrating its importance, deficient envelope cross-linking by keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGM1) is a major cause of the autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses, characterized by barrier defects. Expectations that loss of some of the known envelope protein components would also confer an ichthyosis phenotype have been difficult to demonstrate. To help rationalize this observation with one major component, the protein profile of epidermis from loricrin knockout mice has been compared to that of the wild type. Despite the mild phenotype of the knockout, some 40 proteins have been seen to be incorporated into envelope material to significantly different extents. Nearly half of these proteins were also seen to be incorporated to similarly altered extents into the disulfide bonded keratin network of the corneocyte. The results suggest that loss of loricrin alters their incorporation into envelopes as a consequence of protein-protein interactions during cell maturation. Mass spectrometric protein profiling revealed that keratin 1, keratin 10 and loricrin are prominent envelope components and that dozens of other proteins are also components. This finding helps rationalize the potential formation of functional envelopes despite loss of a single component due to availability of many alternative transglutaminase substrates
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Project description:The cross-linked envelope of the mammalian epidermal corneocyte is important as a scaffold for assembly of the lipid barrier of the epidermis. Illustrating its importance, deficient envelope cross-linking by keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGM1) is a major cause of the autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses, characterized by barrier defects. Expectations that loss of some of the known envelope protein components would also confer an ichthyosis phenotype have been difficult to demonstrate. To help rationalize this observation with one major component, the protein profile of epidermis from loricrin knockout mice has been compared to that of the wild type. Despite the mild phenotype of the knockout, some 40 proteins have been seen to be incorporated into envelope material to significantly different extents. Nearly half of these proteins were also seen to be incorporated to similarly altered extents into the disulfide bonded keratin network of the corneocyte. The results suggest that loss of loricrin alters their incorporation into envelopes as a consequence of protein-protein interactions during cell maturation. Mass spectrometric protein profiling revealed that keratin 1, keratin 10 and filaggrin are prominent envelope components and that dozens of other proteins are minor components. This finding helps rationalize the potential formation of functional envelopes despite loss of a single component due to availability of many alternative transglutaminase substrates.
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Project description:Patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) lack functional Type VII collagen and suffer severe blistering and chronic wounds that ultimately lead to infection and development of lethal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the ability to edit the genome bring the possibility to provide definitive genetic therapy through corrected autologous tissues. We have formed a multidisciplinary team with the ultimate goal to develop an iPSC-based therapy for RDEB. Here, we present a clinical protocol that generates autologous, corrected epithelial keratinocyte sheets with the COL7A1 gene mutation corrected for grafting on to patients. We demonstrate the utility of sequential reprogramming and novel adenovirus-associated viral genome editing to generate corrected iPSC banks. iPSC-derived keratinocytes were produced with minimal heterogeneity and secreted wild-type collagen VII, resulting in stratified epidermis in vitro and in vivo in mice. Sequencing of corrected cell lines prior to tissue formation revealed heterogeneity of SCC-predisposing mutations, allowing us to select COL7A1 corrected banks with minimal mutational burden for downstream epidermis production. Our results provide a first clinical platform to use iPSCs in the treatment of debilitating genodermatoses. Microarray analysis of iPS-derived keratinocytes from two RDEB patients (iPS-K1 and iPS-K3), corresponding patient keratinocytes (AHK1 and AHK2), normal human keratinocytes (NHK), as well as H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESC - H9). All samples were analyzed in duplicate and differential gene expression was measured relative to H9.
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