MRNA cap methylation in pluripotency and differentiation
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE81849 | GEO | 2016/06/14
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA322696
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:The mRNA cap recruits factors essential for transcript processing and translation initiation. We report that regulated mRNA cap methylation is a feature of embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. Expression of the mRNA cap methyltransferase activating subunit, RAM, is elevated in ESCs resulting in high levels of mRNA cap methylation and expression of Oct4 and Sox2 and other pluripotency-associated factors. During neural differentiation, RAM is suppressed which is required for loss of Oct4 and Sox2 and correct expression of neural markers. Cells were treated with control or RAM siRNA and cytosolic RNA or polysome RNA (actively translated) was sequenced.
2016-06-14 | E-GEOD-81849 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:mRNA cap addition occurs early during RNA pol II transcription, facilitating pre-mRNA processing and translation. We report that the mammalian mRNA cap methyltransferase, RNMT-RAM, promotes RNA pol II transcription, independently of mRNA capping and translation. In cells, sub-lethal suppression of RNMT-RAM reduces RNA pol II occupancy, net mRNA synthesis and pre-mRNA levels. Conversely, expression of RNMT-RAM increases transcription independently of cap methyltransferase activity. In isolated nuclei, recombinant RNMT-RAM stimulates transcriptional output; this requires the RAM RNA-binding domain. RNMT-RAM interacts with nascent transcripts along their entire length and with transcription associated factors including RNA pol II subunits, SPT4, SPT6 and PAFc. Suppression of RNMT-RAM inhibits transcriptional markers including histone H2B K120 ubiquitination, H3 K4 and K36 methylation, RNA pol II S5 and S2 phosphorylation and PAFc recruitment. These findings suggest that multiple interactions between RNMT-RAM, RNA pol II factors and RNA along the transcription unit stimulate transcription.
2018-05-01 | GSE87767 | GEO
Project description:We performed an RNA pulldown against a methyl group on the mRNA cap using a fusion protein, GST-eIF4E, highly specific for a m7G-mRNA cap. We performed RNA-seq on both the pulldowns and inputs and normalized our pulldown to input in order to determine which genes MYC targets for mRNA cap methylation above and beyond any affect at the transcriptional level. We found that MYC targets approximately 30% of transcripts for enhanced mRNA cap methylation above 1.2 fold on a global scale following 24 h of MYC induction, specifically transcripts involved in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We used this dataset to validate transcripts targeted by MYC for mRNA cap methylation and to help us determine the mechanism responsible for this phenomenon.
2017-01-06 | GSE76614 | GEO
Project description:The transcription factors Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 are the master regulators of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), however, their functions in human ESCs (hESCs) have not been rigorously defined. Here we show that the requirements for NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 in hESCs differ from those in mESCs. Both NANOG and OCT4 are required for self-renewal and repress differentiation. OCT4 controls both extraembryonic and epiblast-derived cell fates in a BMP4-dependent manner. OCT4-depleted hESCs commit to trophectoderm and primitive endoderm in the presence of BMP4, but undergo neuroectoderm differentiation in the absence of BMP4. NANOG represses neuroectoderm and neural crest commitment, but has little or no effect on the other lineages. We find that SOX2 is not required for self-renewal because it is redundant with SOX3, which is induced in SOX2-depleted hESCs. Simultaneous depletion of both SOX2 and SOX3 induces differentiation into the primitive streak. Unexpectedly, we identify significant variability in the usage of pluripotency factors by individual hESC lines, suggesting that the pluripotency network is remodelled to support a continuum of developmental states. Our study revises the general view of how NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 orchestrate self-renewal in hESCs. Total RNA obtained from EF1a-control-, OE-NANOG-, OE-OCT4- or OE-SOX2-transduced hESCs.
2012-04-05 | E-GEOD-34920 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Eukaryotic mRNA 5’ end is decorated with cap structure which plays multiple roles in the cell. Most importantly, protects transcript from exonucleolytic degradation and enables translation of encoded protein conducted by cap-dependent machinery. This is also a key feature in the process of recognizing RNA as self or non-self molecule by cellular innate immune system. Cap is composed of 7-methylguanosine linked by a 5′,5′-triphosphate chain to the first transcribed nucleotide, and is formed enzymatically during transcription. This m7GpppN structure, called cap0, can be further modified by CMTR1 methyltransferase to cap1 (m7GpppNm), which predominates in eukaryotic cells. Cap2, with additional 2′-O-methylation at the second transcribed nucleotide (m7GpppNmpNm) added by another methyltransferase CMTR2, also can be found at mRNA 5’ end. We present new tools allowing for in vitro synthesis of RNAs possessing cap2, i.e tetranucleotide cap analogues. Utilizing these for in vitro transcription reactions we obtained RNAs with 2′-O-methylation present at the second transcribed nucleotide. Due to that we investigated the role of cap2 in protein production from reporter mRNA protected with this structure in different conditions, normal or stress ones, or with CMTR1/2 down regulated level. We also assessed the affinity of eIF4E protein to differentially capped RNAs. Furthermore, we verified whether an additional 2′-O-methylation presence in capped RNA makes transcript more resistant to decapping enzyme action.
2022-09-08 | PXD028636 | Pride
Project description:The transcription factors Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 are the master regulators of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), however, their functions in human ESCs (hESCs) have not been rigorously defined. Here we show that the requirements for NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 in hESCs differ from those in mESCs. Both NANOG and OCT4 are required for self-renewal and repress differentiation. OCT4 controls both extraembryonic and epiblast-derived cell fates in a BMP4-dependent manner. OCT4-depleted hESCs commit to trophectoderm and primitive endoderm in the presence of BMP4, but undergo neuroectoderm differentiation in the absence of BMP4. NANOG represses neuroectoderm and neural crest commitment, but has little or no effect on the other lineages. We find that SOX2 is not required for self-renewal because it is redundant with SOX3, which is induced in SOX2-depleted hESCs. Simultaneous depletion of both SOX2 and SOX3 induces differentiation into the primitive streak. Unexpectedly, we identify significant variability in the usage of pluripotency factors by individual hESC lines, suggesting that the pluripotency network is remodelled to support a continuum of developmental states. Our study revises the general view of how NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 orchestrate self-renewal in hESCs. Total RNA obtained from SOX2-KD stable hESC clones and H1P control stable hESC clones.
2012-04-05 | E-GEOD-34918 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:mRNA cap methylation in pluripotency and differentiation
| PRJNA322696 | ENA
Project description:The transcription factors Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 are the master regulators of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), however, their functions in human ESCs (hESCs) have not been rigorously defined. Here we show that the requirements for NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 in hESCs differ from those in mESCs. Both NANOG and OCT4 are required for self-renewal and repress differentiation. OCT4 controls both extraembryonic and epiblast-derived cell fates in a BMP4-dependent manner. OCT4-depleted hESCs commit to trophectoderm and primitive endoderm in the presence of BMP4, but undergo neuroectoderm differentiation in the absence of BMP4. NANOG represses neuroectoderm and neural crest commitment, but has little or no effect on the other lineages. We find that SOX2 is not required for self-renewal because it is redundant with SOX3, which is induced in SOX2-depleted hESCs. Simultaneous depletion of both SOX2 and SOX3 induces differentiation into the primitive streak. Unexpectedly, we identify significant variability in the usage of pluripotency factors by individual hESC lines, suggesting that the pluripotency network is remodelled to support a continuum of developmental states. Our study revises the general view of how NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 orchestrate self-renewal in hESCs. Total RNA obtained from H1P (control)-, shNANOG (Nanog shRNA knockdown)-, shOCT4 (Oct4 shRNA knockdown)- or shSOX2 (Sox2 shRNA knockdown)-transduced hESCs for 8 days time course.
2012-04-05 | E-GEOD-34904 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The transcription factors Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 are the master regulators of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), however, their functions in human ESCs (hESCs) have not been rigorously defined. Here we show that the requirements for NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 in hESCs differ from those in mESCs. Both NANOG and OCT4 are required for self-renewal and repress differentiation. OCT4 controls both extraembryonic and epiblast-derived cell fates in a BMP4-dependent manner. OCT4-depleted hESCs commit to trophectoderm and primitive endoderm in the presence of BMP4, but undergo neuroectoderm differentiation in the absence of BMP4. NANOG represses neuroectoderm and neural crest commitment, but has little or no effect on the other lineages. We find that SOX2 is not required for self-renewal because it is redundant with SOX3, which is induced in SOX2-depleted hESCs. Simultaneous depletion of both SOX2 and SOX3 induces differentiation into the primitive streak. Unexpectedly, we identify significant variability in the usage of pluripotency factors by individual hESC lines, suggesting that the pluripotency network is remodelled to support a continuum of developmental states. Our study revises the general view of how NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 orchestrate self-renewal in hESCs. Total RNA obtained from hESCs with or without BMP4 treatment for 8 days time course.
2012-04-05 | E-GEOD-34912 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Eukaryotic mRNA 5’ end is decorated with cap structure which plays multiple roles in the cell. Most importantly, protects transcript from exonucleolytic degradation and enables translation of encoded protein conducted by cap-dependent machinery. This is also a key feature in the process of recognizing RNA as self or non-self molecule by cellular innate immune system. Cap is composed of 7-methylguanosine linked by a 5′,5′-triphosphate chain to the first transcribed nucleotide, and is formed enzymatically during transcription. This m7GpppN structure, called cap0, can be further modified by CMTR1 methyltransferase to cap1 (m7GpppNm), which predominates in eukaryotic cells. Cap2, with additional 2′-O-methylation at the second transcribed nucleotide (m7GpppNmpNm) added by another methyltransferase CMTR2, also can be found at mRNA 5’ end. We present new tools allowing for in vitro synthesis of RNAs possessing cap2, i.e tetranucleotide cap analogues. Utilizing these for in vitro transcription reactions we obtained RNAs with 2′-O-methylation present at the second transcribed nucleotide. Due to that we investigated the role of cap2 in protein production from reporter mRNA protected with this structure in different conditions, normal or stress ones, or with CMTR1/2 down regulated level. We also assessed the affinity of eIF4E protein to differentially capped RNAs. Furthermore, we verified whether an additional 2′-O-methylation presence in capped RNA makes transcript more resistant to decapping enzyme action.
2022-09-08 | PXD028635 | Pride