Gene expression changes in the intestinal crypts of mice with loss of imprinting
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE8583 | GEO | 2008/07/16
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA101733
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:To identify genes differentially expressed in the intestinal crypts between LOI(+) and LOI(-) mice, we performed microarray experiments using RNA extracted from laser capture microdissection, by microdissecting an average of 8,000 crypts from each of 3 LOI(+) and 3 LOI(-) mice. Keywords: genetic modification design H19 mutant mice with C57BL/6J background carrying a deletion in the H19 gene (3 kb) and 10 kb of the upstream region including differentially methylated region (DMR) were maintained without LOI phenotype by breeding female wild-type C57BL/6J and male H19+/-. Experimental crosses were performed between female H19+/- and male wild-type C57BL/6J to obtain LOI(+) mice and LOI(-) mice. Igf2 on the maternal allele is silenced in LOI(-), i.e. wild type, mice. But when H19 DMR deletion is inherited from mother, the normally silenced Igf2 on maternal allele is activated and LOI (loss of imprinting) of Igf2 occurs. LOI(+) and LOI(-) mice were sacrificed at 120 days, and the tissue pieces of the small intestine were collected from the middle (the third fifth) part and kept frozen at -80C. To detect gene expression change in intestinal progenitor cells clearly, Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) was performed to collect intestinal crypt cells. The 10 um thick sections were prepared from the frozen small intestine pieces, and 8,000 intestinal crypts at average were dissected by LCM for each of three LOI(+) and LOI(-) mice, and 2 ug of total RNA at least were collected using RNeasy Kit (GIAGEN). 1.7 ug of total RNA for each sample were used for labeling to compare gene expressions in intestinal crypt between LOI(+) and LOI(-) mice.
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Project description:Viruses are the second leading cause of cancer worldwide, and human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancers are increasing in incidence in the United States. HPV preferentially infects the crypts of the tonsils rather than the surface epithelium. The present study sought to characterize the unique microenvironment within the crypts to better understand the host tropism of HPV to a lymphoid rich organ. Laser-capture microdissection of distinct anatomic areas (crypts, surface epithelium, and germinal centers) of the tonsil coupled with transcriptional analysis and multi-parameter immunofluorescence staining was performed and demonstrated that the tonsillar crypts are enriched with myeloid populations which co-express multiple canonical and non-canonical immune checkpoints, including PD-L1, CTLA-4, HAVCR2 (TIM-3), ADORA2A, IDO1, BTLA, LGALS3, CDH1, CEACAM1, PVR, and C10orf54 (VISTA). The resident monocytes may foster a permissive microenvironment that facilitates HPV infection and persistence. Furthermore, the myeloid populations within HPV-associated tonsil cancers co-express the same immune checkpoints, providing insight into potential novel immunotherapeutic targets for HPV-associated head and neck cancers. The associated paper "Myeloid cells are enriched in tonsillar crypts providing insight into the host tropism of HPV", Austin K. Mattox, Jessica Roelands, Talia Saal, Yang Cheng, Darawan Rinchai, Wouter Hendrickx, Geoffrey D. Young, Thomas J. Diefenbach, Alan E. Berger, William H. Westra, Justin A. Bishop, William C. Faquin, Francesco M. Marincola, Mikael J. Pittet, Davide Bedognetti, and Sara I. Pai; The American Journal of Pathology, Online ahead of print DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.06.012
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Project description:Genomic imprinting regulates parental origin-dependent mono-allelic gene expression. It is mediated by either germline differential methylation of DNA (canonical imprinting) or oocyte-derived H3K27me3 (non-canonical imprinting) in mice. Depletion of Eed, an essential component of Polycomb repressive complex 2, results in genome-wide loss of H3K27me3 in oocytes, which causes loss of non-canonical imprinting (LOI) in embryos. Although Eed maternal KO (matKO) embryos show partial lethality after implantation, it is unknown whether LOI itself contributes to the developmental phenotypes of these embryos, which makes it unclear whether non-canonical imprinting is developmentally relevant. Here, by combinatorial matKO of Xist, a non-canonical imprinted gene whose LOI causes aberrant transient maternal X chromosome inactivation (XCI) at preimplantation, we show that prevention of the transient maternal XCI greatly restores the development of Eed matKO embryos. Moreover, we find that the placentae of Eed matKO embryos are remarkably enlarged in a manner independent of Xist LOI. Heterozygous deletion screening of individual autosomal non-canonical imprinted genes suggests that LOI of the Sfmbt2 miRNA cluster-chromosome 2 miRNA cluster (C2MC), solute carrier family 38 member 4 (Slc38a4), and Gm32885 contributes to the placental enlargement. Taken together, our study provides evidence that Xist imprinting sustains embryonic development and autosomal non-canonical imprinting restrains placental overgrowth.
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Project description:Following on from our pilot study we will investigate further the role that somatic mutations in intestinal stem cells play in IBD. We will use laser capture microdissection to ascertain epithelial cells from an individual crypts/vilus. We will extract DNA from these and use a new low-input material library prep methods to make accurate libraries for sequencing. We will perform 15X whole-genome sequencing of crypts biopsied from patients. Biopsies have been taken from inflammed and noninflammed patches to compare mutation rates and mutational signatures. We will also test if crypts from inflammed patches of a single patient are clonal (either within a given inflammed patch or across inflammed patches). We will quantify the rate of cancer driver mutations in inflammed and non-inflammed crypts. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/
| EGAS00001003249 | EGA
Project description:In this project we want to investigate the role that somatic mutations in intestinal stem cells play in IBD. We will use laser capture microdissection to ascertain epithelial cells from an individual crypts/vilus. We will extract DNA from these and use a new low-input material library prep methods to make accurate libraries for sequencing. In this pilot phase of the project we will perform 15X whole-genome sequencing of a small number of crypts biopsied from four patients. Biopsies have been taken from inflammed and noninflammed patches to compare mutation rates and mutational signatures. We will also test if crypts from inflammed patches of a single patient are clonal (either within a given inflammed patch or across inflammed patches). We will quantify the rate of cancer driver mutations in inflammed and non-inflammed crypts.
This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/
| EGAS00001002896 | EGA