Cell subpopulations in cultures of rat's olfactory mucosa
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus
PROVIDER: GSE91017 | GEO | 2019/12/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Olfactory ensheathing cells are one of the few central nervous system regenerative cells discovered so far. It is characterized by its lifelong nerve regeneration function, and it can also release a variety of neurotrophic factors and neural adhesion molecules. It is considered to be the glial cell with the strongest myelination ability. Olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells have phenotypes in common, they can promote axon regeneration(R. Doucette, 1995). Olfactory ensheathing cells have the characteristics of Schwann cells and astrocytes, but the overall performance tends to be the former, which has two unique characteristics. First, it exists not only in the peripheral nerves (Schwann cells), but also in the central nervous system (astroglia); second, the olfactory mucosa has the ability to regenerate life-long, including human olfactory ensheathing cells(J. C. Bartolomei and C. A. Greer, 2000). Regeneration is a process in which olfactory ensheathing cells participate in efficient regulation, although the specific mechanism is not yet clear. Olfactory ensheathing cells are different from astrocytes and Schwann cells, but at the same time have the characteristics of these two cells(S. C. Barnett, 2004), like Schwann cells help axon growth, but more than Schwann cells It can make axons grow long distances, that is, it has stronger migration(A. Ramon-Cueto et al., 1998); there are also astrocytes that have a nutritional effect on the survival of neurons and the growth of axons, but olfactory ensheathing cells can also wrap neurons forms myelin sheath to support the growth of nerve processes(R. Devon and R. Doucette, 1992; J. Gu et al., 2019). There are two characteristics that make olfactory ensheathing cells the best choice for the treatment of neurological diseases(S. C. Chiu et al., 2009; J. Kim et al., 2018; M. Abdel-Rahman et al., 2018). Olfactory ensheathing cells are gradually used to treat spinal cord injuries and have shown amazing effects(J. C. Bartolomei and C. A. Greer, 2000; K. J. Liu et al., 2010; R. Yao et al., 2018). Olfactory ensheathing cells that have been used in research are usually derived from the olfactory bulb(E. H. Franssen et al., 2007), but it is easier to obtain olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory mucosa in clinical practice(M. Ryszard et al., 2006), so the difference between the olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory bulb and the olfactory mucosa There are more and more studies(B. M. U. et al., 2007), and previous studies have shown that they not only have many similar functions, but also have many differences(M. W. Richter et al., 2005; L. Wang et al., 2014; K. E. Smith et al., 2020). Because olfactory ensheathing cells derived from the olfactory bulb are not easy to obtain, olfactory ensheathing cells derived from the olfactory mucosa have become the focus of attention. Although we know that olfactory ensheathing cells from two sources have nerve repair functions, it is not clear why the two different sources of olfactory ensheathing cells have different therapeutic effects. Nicolas G. once studied that the genetic difference between the two cells and found that there are many genes related to wound repair and nerve regeneration(G. Nicolas et al., 2010). We have reason to guess that olfactory ensheathing cells from these two sources will also have a large difference in protein level. Our research group wants to use the current mature transcriptome and proteomic sequencing technologies to explore the difference between olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory bulb and olfactory mucosa, and explain why the two sources of olfactory ensheathing cells shows different therapeutic effects, hope to provide a new theoretical basis for future clinical treatment.
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Project description:The aim of this study was to use global gene expression profiling to define intrinsic molecular differences that distinguish olfactory ensheathing cells from mucosa (OM-OECs) from olfactory ensheathing cells from olfactory bulb (OB-OECs). 10,000 OECs from olfactory mucosa (OM) or olfactory bulb (OB) were isolated from 4 rats.
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Project description:Comparative gene expression profiling of olfactory enshealting cells : p75 High vs p75 Low cells population Two-color experiment, p75 high(Cy5)/p75Low (Cy3). Biological replicates: 4 . Paired samples.
2011-07-19 | E-GEOD-30797 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are neural crest-derived glia that ensheath bundles of olfactory axons from their peripheral origins in the olfactory epithelium to their central targets in the olfactory bulb. We took an unbiased laser microdissection and differential RNA-seq approach, validated by in situ hybridisation, to identify candidate molecular mechanisms underlying mouse OEC development and differences with the neural crest-derived Schwann cells developing on other peripheral nerves. We identified 25 novel markers for developing OECs in the olfactory mucosa and/or the olfactory nerve layer surrounding the olfactory bulb, of which 15 were OEC-specific, i.e., not expressed by Schwann cells. One pan-OEC-specific gene, Ptprz1, encodes a receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase that blocks oligodendrocyte differentiation. Mutant analysis suggests Ptprz1 may also act as a brake on OEC differentiation, and that its loss disrupts olfactory axon targeting. Overall, our results provide new insights into OEC development and the diversification of neural crest-derived glia.
2020-06-02 | GSE138596 | GEO
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Project description:Infection-induced aversion against enteropathogens is a conserved sickness behavior that can promote host survival1-3. The etiology of this behavior remains poorly understood, but studies in Drosophila have linked olfactory and gustatory perception to avoidance behaviors against toxic microbes4-6. Whether and how enteric infections directly influence sensory perception to induce or modulate such behaviors remains unknown. Here we show that enteropathogen infection in Drosophila can modulate olfactory perception through metabolic reprogramming of ensheathing glia of the antennal lobe. This reprogramming depends on JAK/STAT signaling activation in ensheathing glia as a consequence of infection-induced Unpaired cytokine expression in the intestine. JAK/STAT signaling induces the expression of glial monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and the apolipoprotein glial lazarillo (Glaz), resulting in changes in glial lipid metabolism. This modulates olfaction sensitivity, promoting avoidance of bacteria-laced food and increasing animal survival. While transient in young animals, gut-induced metabolic reprogramming of ensheathing glia becomes constitutive in old animals due to age-related intestinal inflammation, contributing to an age-related decline in olfaction sensitivity. Our findings identify adaptive glial metabolic reprogramming by gut-derived cytokines as a mechanism causing lasting changes in neuronal activity in the aging animal.
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Project description:Comparative Gene Expression Profiling of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells from Olfactory Bulb and Olfactory Mucosa
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Project description:RNAseq differential gene expression profiling of olfactory mucosa in young wild type, ACE2 deficient mice. Purpose: Next-generation gene expression profiling has revolutionized analysis of molecular pathways. The goals of this study were to compare NGS-derived olfactory mucosa transcriptome profiles (RNAseq) of wild-type mice (control) and ACE2 knockout mice. Selected genes and pathways will be analyze further by low-throughput techniques such as real-time RT-PCR. Methods: Olfactory mucosa mRNA profiles of 2 months old wild-type (WT) and ACE2 knockout mice were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina NovaSeq6000 S4 PE150 XP. For inspecting the quality of RNA-Seq data, the 100 most abundant genes are taken from all the samples and heatmaps were generated to observe the relation between samples/conditions. Results: Using our data analysis workflow, we mapped at least 47 million sequence reads per sample to the mouse genome (build mm10). Conlusion: Our study represent the first detailed analysis of differential gene expression by RNAseq technology in murine olfactory mucosa. It is also the first study examining effects of gene knockout for ACE2 on gene expression profile in murine olfactory mucosa. We conclude that these data would help future studies in olfactory mucosa cells aimed to reveal molecular mechanisms associated with aging and biological function of ACE2 genes. RNAseq differential gene expression profiling of olfactory mucosa in wild type and ACE2 deficient mice.
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