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Transcription factor Interplay between LEAFY and APETALA1/ CAULIFLOWER during Floral Initiation

ABSTRACT: The transcription factors LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1), together with the AP1 paralog CAULIFLOWER (CAL), control the onset of flower development in a partially redundant manner. This redundancy is thought to be mediated, at least in part, through the regulation of a shared set of target genes. However, whether these genes are independently or cooperatively regulated by LFY and AP1/CAL, is currently unknown. To better understand the regulatory relationship between LFY and AP1/CAL during floral initiation, we monitored the activity of LFY in the absence of AP1/CAL function. We found that the regulation of several known LFY target genes is unaffected by AP1/CAL perturbation, while others appear to require AP1/CAL activity. Furthermore, we obtained evidence that LFY and AP1/CAL control the expression of some genes in an antagonistic manner. Notably, these include key regulators of floral initiation such TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1), which had been previously reported to be directly repressed by both LFY and AP1. We show here that TFL1 expression is suppressed by AP1 but promoted by LFY. We further demonstrate that LFY has an inhibitory effect on flower formation in the absence of AP1/CAL activity. We propose that LFY and AP1/CAL may act as part of an incoherent feed-forward loop to control the establishment of a stable developmental program for the formation of flowers.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE96806 | GEO | 2017/04/28

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA379771

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcription factor Interplay between LEAFY and APETALA1/ CAULIFLOWER during Floral Initiation

Project description:The transcription factors LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1)_together with the AP1 paralog CAULIFLOWER (CAL)_control the onRep_of flower development in a partially redundant manner. This redundancy is thought to be mediated_at least in part_through the regulation of a shared Rep_of target genes. However_whether these genes are independently or cooperatively regulated by LFY and AP1/CAL_is currently unknown. To better understand the regulatory relationship between LFY and AP1/CAL during floral initiation_we monitored the activity of LFY in the absence of AP1/CAL function. We found that the regulation of several known LFY target genes is unaffected by AP1/CAL perturbation_while others appear to require AP1/CAL activity. Furthermore_we obtained evidence that LFY and AP1/CAL control the expression of some genes in an antagonistic manner. Notably_these include key regulators of floral initiation such TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1)_which had been previously reported to be directly repressed by both LFY and AP1. We show here that TFL1 expression is suppressed by AP1 but promoted by LFY. We further demonstrate that LFY has an inhibitory effect on flower formation in the absence of AP1/CAL activity. We propose that LFY and AP1/CAL may act as part of an incoherent feed-forward loop to control the establishment of a stable developmental program for the formation of flowers.

2017-04-28 | GSE96799 | GEO

Orchestration of Floral Initiation by APETALA1

2010-04-02 | GSE20176 | GEO

Orchestration of Floral Initiation by APETALA1

Project description:The MADS-domain transcription factor APETALA1 (AP1) is a key regulator of Arabidopsis flower development. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying AP1 function, we identified its target genes during floral initiation using a combination of gene expression profiling and genome-wide binding studies. Many of its targets encode transcriptional regulators, including known floral repressors. The latter genes are down-regulated by AP1, suggesting that it initiates floral development by abrogating the inhibitory effects of these genes. While AP1 acts predominantly as a transcriptional repressor during the earliest stages of flower development, regulatory genes known to be required for floral organ formation were found to be activated by AP1 at more advanced stages, indicating a dynamic mode of action. Our results further imply that AP1 orchestrates floral initiation by integrating growth, patterning and hormonal pathways. We used the AP1-GR system to conduct chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments with AP1-specific antibodies followed by deep-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) in order to determine AP1 binding sites on a genome-wide scale. Samples were generated from tissue in which the AP1-GR protein was induced for 2h using a single treatment of 1 uM DEX to the shoot apex. As control, we performed ChIP experiments using the same antibody on uninduced tissue. Experiments were done in two biological replicates.

2010-04-02 | E-GEOD-20176 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide Identification of APETALA1 Regulated Genes during Early Flower Development in Arabidopsis

Project description:Plant inﬂorescence-to-ﬂoral phase transition is an important developmental stage, in which ﬂoral cell identities and many traits of reproductive organs are determined. Two MADS-domain transcription factors, APETALA1 (AP1) and CAULIFLOWER (CAL), have been known as master regulators controlling the early stage of the phase transition in Arabidopsis. In plants with loss-of-function alleles of ap1 and cal double mutations, flower development is heavily delayed at the ﬂower initiation stage and accumulate a large number of inﬂorescence-like meristem cells compared to wild-type plants, resulting in a cauliﬂower-like phenotype. To facilitate investigation on molecular mechanisms during inﬂorescence-to-ﬂoral phase transition, an inducible system of synchronized ﬂoral development has been developed, in which ap1,cal inﬂorescence-like meristem cells express a fusion protein of AP1 and the hormone-binding domain of the rat glucocorticoid receptor (GR) driven by 35S constitutive promoter. When inflorescences of 35S:AP1-GR ap1,cal plants are treated by steroid hormone dexamethasone as the activator to allow the AP1-GR fusion protein translocate into nucleus, inﬂorescence-to-ﬂoral phase transition is triggered and plants start to produce hundreds of relatively synchronized ﬂoral buds. To explore molecular basis at early stage of flower development in Arabidopsis, we used the inducible system of synchronized ﬂoral development (35S:AP1-GR ap1,cal) to profile transcriptome change of meristem cells during inﬂorescence-to-ﬂoral phase transition by strand-specific RNA-sequencing.

2018-12-01 | GSE59677 | GEO

Gene expression during early Arabidopsis flower development

Project description:This experiment describes gene expression during early Arabidopsis flower development. We used a 35S:AP1-GR ap1 cal line to induce synchronized flower development by specifically activating the AP1-GR fusion protein in ap1 cal inflorescence-like meristems through dexamethasone treatment. Tissue samples were collected immediately after the treatment, as well as at one-day intervals for the following five days. The expression profiles of the individual samples were then analyzed by gene expression profiling using whole-genome microarrays (Operon). Keywords: time course

2006-04-10 | GSE4594 | GEO

The KNOXI gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS regulates floral fate in Arabidopsis

Project description:Plants have evolved a unique and conserved developmental program that enables the conversion of leaves into floral organs. Elegant genetic and molecular work has identified key regulators of floral meristem identity. However, further understanding of flower meristem specification has been hampered by redundancy and by pleiotropic effects. The KNOXI gene STM transcription factor is a well-characterized regulator of shoot apical meristem maintenance. stm loss-of-function mutants arrest shortly after germination, and therefore the knowledge on later roles of STM, including flower development, is limited. Here, we uncover a role for STM in the specification of flower meristem identity. Silencing STM in the AP1 expression domain in the ap1-4 mutant background resulted in a complete leafy-like flower phenotype and an intermediate stm-2 allele enhanced the floral meristem identity phenotype of ap1-4. Transcriptional profiling of STM perturbation suggested that STM activity affects multiple meristem identity and flower transition genes, among them the F-Box gene UFO. In agreement, stm-2 enhanced the ufo-2 floral meristem fate phenotype, and ectopic UFO expression rescued the leafy flowers in genetic backgrounds with compromised AP1 and STM activities. This work suggests a molecular mechanism that underlies the activity of STM in the specification of flower meristem identity.

2018-05-04 | GSE113894 | GEO

LEAFY target genes reveal a link between flower development and biotic stimulus response (III)

Project description:The transition from vegetative growth to flower formation is critical for the survival of flowering plants. The plant-specific transcription factor LEAFY (LFY) has central, evolutionarily conserved roles in this process, both in the formation of the first flower and later in floral patterning. We performed genome-wide binding and expression studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which LFY executes these roles. Our study reveals that LFY directs an intricate regulatory network in control of floral homeotic gene expression and, unexpectedly, controls the expression of genes regulating the response to external stimuli in Arabidopsis. We further show that LFY dampens responses to a bacterial MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern) and to pathogen challenge. Our findings suggest a molecular mechanism for the coordination of reproductive stage development and disease response programs in plants. Regulation of these distinct survival programs by a single transcription factor may ensure optimal allocation of plant resources for reproductive fitness. Expression array analysis used to identify genes differentially expressed upon LFY induction in 9-day-old shoot apices. Expression array analysis of 9-day-old 35S::LFY-GR dexamethasone-treated seedlings compared to 9-day-old WT dexamethasone-treated seedlings. Four biological replicate samples.

2011-05-11 | E-GEOD-28062 | biostudies-arrayexpress

LEAFY target genes reveal a link between flower development and biotic stimulus response (III)

2011-05-11 | GSE28062 | GEO

LEAFY target genes reveal a link between flower development and biotic stimulus response (I)

Project description:The transition from vegetative growth to flower formation is critical for the survival of flowering plants. The plant-specific transcription factor LEAFY (LFY) has central, evolutionarily conserved roles in this process, both in the formation of the first flower and later in floral patterning. We performed genome-wide binding and expression studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which LFY executes these roles. Our study reveals that LFY directs an intricate regulatory network in control of floral homeotic gene expression and, unexpectedly, controls the expression of genes regulating the response to external stimuli in Arabidopsis. We further show that LFY dampens responses to a bacterial MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern) and to pathogen challenge. Our findings suggest a molecular mechanism for the coordination of reproductive stage development and disease response programs in plants. Regulation of these distinct survival programs by a single transcription factor may ensure optimal allocation of plant resources for reproductive fitness. Genome binding/occupancy profiling by genome tiling array used to identity genes bound by induced LFY in 9-day-old seedlings.

2011-05-11 | GSE28060 | GEO

LEAFY target genes reveal a link between flower development and biotic stimulus response (II)

Project description:The transition from vegetative growth to flower formation is critical for the survival of flowering plants. The plant-specific transcription factor LEAFY (LFY) has central, evolutionarily conserved roles in this process, both in the formation of the first flower and later in floral patterning. We performed genome-wide binding and expression studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which LFY executes these roles. Our study reveals that LFY directs an intricate regulatory network in control of floral homeotic gene expression and, unexpectedly, controls the expression of genes regulating the response to external stimuli in Arabidopsis. We further show that LFY dampens responses to a bacterial MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern) and to pathogen challenge. Our findings suggest a molecular mechanism for the coordination of reproductive stage development and disease response programs in plants. Regulation of these distinct survival programs by a single transcription factor may ensure optimal allocation of plant resources for reproductive fitness. Genome binding/occupancy profiling by genome tiling array used to identity genes bound by endogenous LFY in inflorescences.

2011-05-11 | GSE28061 | GEO

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