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Transfer RNA Genes Affect Chromosome Architecture and Function

ABSTRACT: In this study we investigated the role of tDNAs in genomic organization and nuclear function by editing a chromosome so that it lacks any tDNAs.

ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PROVIDER: GSE98304 | GEO | 2019/03/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transfer RNA Genes Affect Chromosome Architecture and Function

Project description:Chromosomes are packaged and organized in the nucleus in an ordered, non-random manner. This organization influences many nuclear processes such as transcription, gene silencing and mitosis. While transfer RNA genes (tDNAs) are essential for the generation of tRNAs these gene loci are also binding sites for transcription factors and chromosomal architectural proteins. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, tDNAs are dispersed along all sixteen chromosomes. In this study, we investigated the role of tDNAs in genomic organization and nuclear function by editing a chromosome so that it lacks any tDNAs. Our analyses of this tDNA-less chromosome show that loss of tDNAs affect nucleosome positioning, binding of SMC proteins, centromere clustering, long-range chromosome folding and epigenetic gene silencing. We propose that these effects are primarily mediated via changes in local interactions between tDNAs and other regulatory sequences that then manifest as alterations in long-range chromosome architecture with effects on gene regulation over large distances.

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Project description:In this study, we investigated the role of tranfer RNA genes (tDNAs) in genome organization and nuclear function by generating a chromosome lacking all its tDNAs. Our analyses of this tDNA-less chromosome show that loss of these genes affects nucleosome postioning, SMC protein binding, centromere clustering, long range chromosome folding and epigenetic silencing.

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Transfer RNA Genes Affect Chromosome Architecture and Function [RNA-seq]

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Transfer RNA Genes Affect Chromosome Architecture and Function

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Transfer RNA Genes Affect Chromosome Architecture and Function

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Transfer RNA Genes Affect Chromosome Architecture and Function [RNA-seq]

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Project description:During meiosis, chromosomes undergo extensive changes in structure and intranuclear positioning. How these chromosome organization changes occur and how they influence meiosis-specific chromosome events are not fully understood. Using Hi-C, we characterized chromosome architecture throughout mouse spermatogenesis at high temporal resolution. Our study revealed an intimate link between chromosome organization features and homolog pairing and alignment. We found that the meiotic chromosomes progressively reshape from TAD-like domains into linearly arranged loop arrays during prophase I. The transcriptionally active and inactive genomic regions exhibit distinct dynamics of loop growth, resulting in alternating domains consisting of shorter and longer chromosome loops. Such a domanial organization along meiotic chromosome axes is tightly correlated with the strength and precision of inter-homolog alignment. We further showed that a significant fraction of chromosomes near chromosome ends exhibit elevated inter-chromosomal association upon entering zygotene stage, while also exhibiting a higher degree of inter-homolog alignment. Using a mouse model defective in LINC complex component SUN1, we demonstrated that the prominent alignment of chromosome ends is dependent on the association of telomeres with the mechano-transducing LINC complex, but not the tethering of telomeres to the nuclear periphery. Taken together, our results suggest the 3D chromosome organization may provide a structural framework for the regulation of meiotic chromosome processes in higher eukaryotes.

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