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Nitrogen fertiliser rate but not form affects the severity of Fusarium wilt of banana - SWATH experiment

ABSTRACT: Nitrogen (N) fertilisers are routinely applied to bananas (Musa spp.) to increase production, but may exacerbate important disease such as Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB). Here, we characterised the effects of N rate and form (ammonium or nitrate) on FWB severity, the banana root proteome, and the diversity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities. Banana plants (Musa ABB) were grown under greenhouse conditions in soil with ammonium or nitrate supplemented at five N rates, and with or without inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). The growth of non-inoculated plants was positively correlated with N rate. In bananas inoculated with Foc, disease severity increased with N rate, resulting in Foc-inoculated plant growth being greatest at intermediate N rates. The abundance of Foc was weakly related to the treatment conditions and was a poor predictor of disease severity. Fungal diversity was consistently affected by Foc inoculation, while bacterial diversity was associated with changes in soil pH resulting from N addition, in particular ammonium. N rate altered the expression of host metabolic pathways associated with carbon fixation, energy usage, amino acid metabolism, and importantly stress response signalling, irrespective of inoculation or N form. Furthermore, in diseased plants, Pathogenesis-related protein 1, a key endpoint for biotic stress response and the salicylic acid defence response to biotrophic pathogens, was negatively correlated with the rate of ammonium fertiliser but not nitrate. As expected, inoculation with Foc altered the expression of a wide range of processes in the banana plant including those of defence and growth. In summary, our results indicate that the severity of FWB was negatively associated with host defences, which were influenced by N application (particularly ammonium), and shifts in microbial communities in response to ammonium-induced acidification.

INSTRUMENT(S): TripleTOF 6600

ORGANISM(S): Musa Acuminata Subsp. Malaccensis (ncbitaxon:214687)

SUBMITTER: Ryan Orr

PROVIDER: MSV000089270 | MassIVE | Mon Apr 18 04:21:00 BST 2022

REPOSITORIES: MassIVE

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Project description:BACKGROUND: The coevolution and interaction between plants and microorganisms have long been a subject of significant research interest. Dark septate endophytes (DSE) have garnered great attention in contemporary research due to their functional diversity, in vitro cultivation ability, and ability to establish symbiotic associations with host plants. In the present study, three DSE strains, namely Acrocalymma vagum, Zopfiella marina, and Phoma herbarum, which were obtained from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, were introduced into maize plants through inoculation. We evaluated the effects of DSE inoculation on maize growth and root secretion activity through a multi omics methods, and proposed mechanisms for 'internal pathways' and 'external pathways'.RESULTS: The findings indicated that A. vagum exhibited superior growth-promoting ability on maize compared to Z. marina and P. herbarum.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis found that A. vagum inoculation resulted in significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in annotation functions related to hormone regulation and lipid metabolism. A. vagum inoculation revealed that the gene pathways involved in plant hormone signaling and plant pathogen interactions play a crucial role in promoting host growth, and A. vagum inoculation group exhibited the highest number of differentially expressed genes, the most intricate protein-protein interaction (PPI) model, and the most pronounced relationship between differentially expressed genes. After the inoculation of A.vagum, the levels of salicylic acid, zeatin, and IAA in maize plants significantly increased. Additionally, the diversity and abundance of endophytic fungi, as well as the proportion of harmful bacteria and beneficial fungi, had significantly increased. Compared with Z. marina and P. herbarum, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of A.vagum inoculated plants significantly increased. Inoculation with A.vagum could enhance the ability of corn roots to secrete lipids, sugars, and amino acids, resulted in a notable augmentation of beneficial bacteria and fungi, accompanied by a significant reduction in the proportion of harmful bacteria in the rhizosphere soil, such as Fusarium solani and Fusarium lacertarum, exhibited significant inhibition, whereas Bacillus niabensis and Bacillus nealsonii demonstrated enrichment trends. Soil pH, organic matter, available potassium content, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and urease activity exhibited significant increases following the inoculation of A. vagum. Variance decomposition and structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis indicated that the 'internal pathway', maize growth is mainly influenced by the interaction of endogenous hormones, endophytic microorganisms, and photosynthetic parameters, whereas within the 'external pathway', the interaction between soil microorganisms and soil physicochemical properties exerted a dominant influence. Compared with the Z. marina and P. herbarum inoculation, A. vagum inoculation showed a more significant impact on maize growth, both in terms of 'internal pathway' and 'external pathway', in terms of pathway level and quantity.CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the potential mechanisms of 'microbe-plant' interactions and also contribute to the exploration of targeted functional microorganisms that promote growth and stress resistance.

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Nitrogen fertiliser rate but not form affects the severity of Fusarium wilt of banana - SWATH experiment

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