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Untargeted Metabolite Profiling (GC-MS) of Root Exudates of Grassland Species

ABSTRACT:

Plants exude a diverse cocktail of metabolites into the soil as response to exogenous and endogenous influence. So far, root exudates have only been studied under artificial conditions due to methodological difficulties. In this study, each five perennial grass and forb species were investigated for polar metabolites in exudates under field conditions. Therefore, exudate samples were measured by gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry and analysed by untargeted metabolite profiling.

Linked study: MTBLS865

INSTRUMENT(S): Gas Chromatography MS - Positive (GC-MS (Positive))

SUBMITTER: Steffen Neumann Sophie Dietz

PROVIDER: MTBLS866 | MetaboLights | 2020-06-18

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	MTBLS866	Other
	FILES	Other
	a_MTBLS866_metabolite_profiling_mass_spectrometry.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS866_metabolite_profiling_mass_spectrometry_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular

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Untargeted Metabolite Profiling (LC-MS) of Root Exudates of Grassland Species

Project description:Plants exude a diverse cocktail of metabolites into the soil as response to exogenous and endogenous influences. So far, root exudates have only been studied under artificial conditions due to methodological difficulties. In this study, each five perennial grass and forb species were investigated for polar metabolites in exudates under field conditions. Therefore, exudate samples were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to electron spray ionisation quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and analysed by untargeted metabolite profiling. Linked study: <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS866' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'>MTBLS866</a>

2020-06-18 | MTBLS865 | MetaboLights

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Semi‐polar root exudates in natural grassland communities

Project description:In the rhizosphere, plants are exposed to a multitude of different biotic and abiotic factors, to which they respond by exuding a wide range of secondary root metabolites. So far, it has been unknown to which degree root exudate composition is species-specific and is affected by land use, the local impact and local neighborhood under field conditions. In this study, root exudates of 10 common grassland species were analyzed, each five of forbs and grasses, in the German Biodiversity Exploratories using a combined phytometer and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach. Redundancy analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed a large set of semi-polar metabolites common to all species in addition to species-specific metabolites. Chemical richness and exudate composition revealed that forbs, such as Plantago lanceolata and Galium species, exuded more species-specific metabolites than grasses. Grasses instead were primarily affected by environmental conditions. In both forbs and grasses, plant functional traits had only a minor impact on plant root exudation patterns. Overall, our results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining and untargeted profiling of semi-polar metabolites under field condition and allow a deeper view in the exudation of plants in a natural grassland community.

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Project description:Rice false smut (RFS) is a kind of fungal disease transforming panicles and spikelets into greenish spore balls, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. During artificial cultivation process, macroscopic exudates could be observed, which is a common feature in many kinds of fungi. We characterized the proteome of exudate associated with this plant pathogen. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was used to identify proteins in the pathogen exudate. A total of 685 proteins comprising 3,949 peptides were identified from the exudate. This study regarded the biological characteristics of U. virens as an entry point. By studying the protein components of the exudates of U. virens, it is helpful to better understand the occurrence and pathogenic mechanism of pathogen and provide a theoretical basis for the control of RFS.

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Project description:Primary and secondary metabolites exuded by plant roots have mainly been studied under laboratory conditions, while knowledge of root exudate patterns of plants growing in natural communities is very limited. Focusing on ten common European grassland plant species, we asked to which degree exuded metabolite compositions are specific to species or growth forms (forbs and grasses), depend on environments and local neighbourhoods, and reflect traditional plant functional traits. Root exudates were collected under field conditions and analysed using a non-targeted gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS) approach. In total, we annotated 153 compounds of which 36 were identified by structure and name as metabolites mainly derived from the primary metabolism. Here we show by using variance partitioning, that the composition of exuded polar metabolites was mostly explained by plot identity, followed by plant species identity while plant species composition of the local neighbourhood played no role. Total and root dry biomass explained the largest proportion of variance in exudate composition, with additional variance explained by traditional plant traits. Although the exudate composition was quite similar between the two growth forms, we found some metabolites that occurred only in one of the two growth forms. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of measuring polar exudates under non-sterile field conditions by mass spectrometry, which opens new avenues of research for functional plant ecology.

2022-02-11 | MTBLS687 | MetaboLights

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Project description:Purpose: The recent publication of the fungal mutualist R. irregularis genome facilitated transcriptomic studies. We here adress the gene regulation of R. irregularis in response to root exudates from rice wild-type and osnope1 (no perception candidate - mutant unable to host arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) Methods: Spores of R. irregularis were treated with root exudates and collected at 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days after addition. To monitor fungal gene regulation, control conditions were also prepared at T0, 1h, 24h and 7d. mRNA were sequenced by HiSeq Illumina. Reads were mapped on the Rhizophagus irregularis genome assembly (Gloin1 - Tisserant et al., PNAS, 2013) using CLCworkbench suite. Results: -At 1h, a set of 92 fungal genes were found up-regulated in response to wt root exudates (92), not to osnope1 root exudates, many of them being involved in cell signaling. -At 24h and 7d, numerous genes putatively involved in primary metabolism were up-regulated in response to wt root exudates, not in response to osnope1 root exudates -Several vital genes involved in cell development are repressed in response to osnope1 RE compared to wt RE. Conclusions: these results argue for a high metabolic activity induced by wt root exudates, not by osnope1 root exudates.

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