Urolithin A (UroA) acts at CYP1A1/1B1 substrates leading to enhanced aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activity in vivo
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mouse Mus Musculus
TISSUE(S): Cultured Cells
SUBMITTER: 
FANGCONG DONG
PROVIDER: ST002481 | MetabolomicsWorkbench | Thu Feb 16 00:00:00 GMT 2023
REPOSITORIES: MetabolomicsWorkbench
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Project description:Background: The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is activated by xenobiotic chemicals that function as AHR ligands. The response to xenobiotic AHR ligands is toxicity and the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes. The impact of AHR knockdown on gene expression and pathways in human breast cancer cells in absence of xenobiotic AHR ligands has not been investigated on a genome-wide scale. Methods: MCF-7 cells were used as a model of human breast cancer. The AHR was silenced with short interfering RNA against AHR (siAHR). RNA-sequencing coupled with Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to determine the impact of AHR knockdown on gene expression and pathways in the absence of xenobiotic AHR ligands. Western blot analysis and recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was used to investigate the impact of AHR knockdown on TNF induction of MNSOD expression. Results: We found that the AHR is transcriptionally active in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in the absence of xenobiotic AHR ligands. In total, the expression of 634 genes was significantly changed in AHR knockdown cells compared to controls at a false discovery rate of < 10%. The analysis confirmed that drug metabolizing enzymes were AHR targets; however, we found that AHR also promoted the expression of genes that were not directly related to the metabolism of xenobiotics, such as those involved in lipid and eicosanoid synthesis. Gene pathway analysis of the AHR regulated gene dataset predicted TNF activity to be reduced in AHR knockdown cells. Our finding that AHR knockdown inhibited TNF-stimulated increases in MNSOD expression confirmed this IPA prediction. Conclusions: This is the first gene expression profiling study of AHR knockdown breast cancer cells. Several known and novel AHR targets were identified. The results suggest that endogenous AHR regulation impacts eicosanoid synthesis by regulating gene expression. The IPA prediction of reduced TNF activity in AHR knockdown cells was confirmed by showing that TNF-induced increases in MNSOD expression was inhibited in AHR knockdown cells. The requirement of AHR for MNSOD activation is novel and provides a new link by which AHR may impact reactive oxidative species (ROS) signaling. Expression profiles by mRNA sequencing were generated for human MCF-7 cells transfected with cRNAi (6 replicates) or AHR-siRNA (5 replicates) for 36hr. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 1000 using a 2x100 base paired-end strategy.
2014-06-20 | E-GEOD-52036 | biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a highly conserved ligand-dependent transcription factor that senses environmental toxins and endogenous ligands, thereby inducing detoxifying enzymes and modulating immune cell differentiation and responses. We hypothesized that AhR not only evolved to sense pollutants from the environment, but also insults of microbial origin. We demonstrate that bacterial pigmented virulence factors, namely the phenazines pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the naphthoquinone phthiocol from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are ligands of AhR. AhR activation leads to degradation of these virulence factors and regulated cytokine and chemokine production. The relevance of AhR to host defense is underlined by heightened susceptibility of AhR-deficient mice, both to P. aeruginosa and M. tuberculosis. Our data demonstrate that AhR senses distinct bacterial virulence factors and controls anti-bacterial responses. We provide evidence for a previously unidentified role for AhR as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, and identify bacterial pigmented virulence factors as a new class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Microarray experiments were performed as single-color hybridizations. Quality control and quantification of total RNA amount was assessed using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies) and a NanoDrop 1000 spectrophotometer (Kisker).
2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-48130 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a highly conserved ligand-dependent transcription factor that senses environmental toxins and endogenous ligands, thereby inducing detoxifying enzymes and modulating immune cell differentiation and responses. We hypothesized that AhR not only evolved to sense pollutants from the environment, but also insults of microbial origin. We demonstrate that bacterial pigmented virulence factors, namely the phenazines pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the naphthoquinone phthiocol from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are ligands of AhR. AhR activation leads to degradation of these virulence factors and regulated cytokine and chemokine production. The relevance of AhR to host defense is underlined by heightened susceptibility of AhR-deficient mice, both to P. aeruginosa and M. tuberculosis. Our data demonstrate that AhR senses distinct bacterial virulence factors and controls anti-bacterial responses. We provide evidence for a previously unidentified role for AhR as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, and identify bacterial pigmented virulence factors as a new class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Microarray experiments were performed as dual-color hybridizations. To compensate for dye-specific effects, a dye-reversal color-swap was applied. Quality control and quantification of total RNA amount was assessed using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies) and a NanoDrop 1000 spectrophotometer (Kisker).
2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-48132 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is activated by xenobiotic chemicals that function as AHR ligands. The response to xenobiotic AHR ligands is toxicity and the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes. The impact of AHR knockdown on gene expression and pathways in human breast cancer cells in absence of xenobiotic AHR ligands has not been investigated on a genome-wide scale. Methods: MCF-7 cells were used as a model of human breast cancer. The AHR was silenced with short interfering RNA against AHR (siAHR). RNA-sequencing coupled with Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to determine the impact of AHR knockdown on gene expression and pathways in the absence of xenobiotic AHR ligands. Western blot analysis and recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was used to investigate the impact of AHR knockdown on TNF induction of MNSOD expression. Results: We found that the AHR is transcriptionally active in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in the absence of xenobiotic AHR ligands. In total, the expression of 634 genes was significantly changed in AHR knockdown cells compared to controls at a false discovery rate of < 10%. The analysis confirmed that drug metabolizing enzymes were AHR targets; however, we found that AHR also promoted the expression of genes that were not directly related to the metabolism of xenobiotics, such as those involved in lipid and eicosanoid synthesis. Gene pathway analysis of the AHR regulated gene dataset predicted TNF activity to be reduced in AHR knockdown cells. Our finding that AHR knockdown inhibited TNF-stimulated increases in MNSOD expression confirmed this IPA prediction. Conclusions: This is the first gene expression profiling study of AHR knockdown breast cancer cells. Several known and novel AHR targets were identified. The results suggest that endogenous AHR regulation impacts eicosanoid synthesis by regulating gene expression. The IPA prediction of reduced TNF activity in AHR knockdown cells was confirmed by showing that TNF-induced increases in MNSOD expression was inhibited in AHR knockdown cells. The requirement of AHR for MNSOD activation is novel and provides a new link by which AHR may impact reactive oxidative species (ROS) signaling.
2014-06-20 | GSE52036 | GEO
Project description:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in adaptive cell functions, and highly active in the epidermis. AhR-ligands can accelerate keratinocyte differentiation, but a precise role for AhR in the skin barrier is unknown. We here show that transepidermal water loss (TEWL), a parameter of skin barrier integrity, is high in AhR-deficient (AhR-KO) mice. Experiments with conditionally AhR-deficient mouse lines identified keratinocytes as the major responsible cell population for high TEWL. Electron microscopy showed weaker inter-cellular connectivity in the epidermis of keratinocytes in AhR-KO mice, and gene expression analysis identified many barrier-associated genes as AhR targets. Moreover, AhR-deficient mice had higher inter-individual differences in their microbiome. Interestingly, removing AhR-ligands from the diet of wild-type mice mimicked AhR-deficiency regarding the impaired barrier. Vice versa, re-addition of the plant-derived ligand indole-3-carbinol (I3C) rescued the barrier deficiency even in aged mice. Our results suggest that functional AhR expression is critical for skin barrier integrity and that AhR represents a molecular target for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for skin barrier diseases, including dietary intervention.
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2012-11-01 | GSE34876 | GEO
Project description:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of xenobiotic detoxification genes and is a critical mediator of gene-environment interactions. In addition, many AHR target genes that have been identified by genome-wide profiling have morphogenetic functions, suggesting that AHR activation may play a role in embryonic development. To address this hypothesis, we studied the consequences of AHR activation by TCDD, its prototypical ligand, during spontaneous mouse ES cell differentiation into contractile cardiomyocytes. Treatment with TCDD or shRNA-mediated AHR knockdown significantly decreased the ability of cardiomyocytes to contract and the expression of cardiac markers in these cells. An AHR-positive embryonic stem cell lineage was generated that expressed puromycin resistance and eGFP under the control of the AHR-responsive Cyp1a1 promoter. Cells of this lineage were over 90% pure and expressed AHR as well as cardiomyocyte markers. Analysis of temporal trajectories of global gene expression in these cells shows that activation of the AHR/TCDD axis disrupts the concerted expression of genes that regulate multiple signaling pathways involved in cardiac and neural morphogenesis and differentiation, including dozens of genes encoding homeobox transcription factors and Polycomb and Trithorax Group genes. More than 50% of the homeobox factors so regulated do not have AhRE sites in their promoters, indicating that AHR activation may establish a complex regulatory network that reaches beyond direct AHR signaling and is capable of disrupting various aspects of embryonic development, including cardiomyocyte differentiation. mRNA profiles of WT and selected AHR positive cells at different differentiation days treated with and without TCDD in duplicates
2013-06-15 | E-GEOD-47964 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a highly conserved ligand-dependent transcription factor that senses environmental toxins and endogenous ligands, thereby inducing detoxifying enzymes and modulating immune cell differentiation and responses. We hypothesized that AhR not only evolved to sense pollutants from the environment, but also insults of microbial origin. We demonstrate that bacterial pigmented virulence factors, namely the phenazines pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the naphthoquinone phthiocol from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are ligands of AhR. AhR activation leads to degradation of these virulence factors and regulated cytokine and chemokine production. The relevance of AhR to host defense is underlined by heightened susceptibility of AhR-deficient mice, both to P. aeruginosa and M. tuberculosis. Our data demonstrate that AhR senses distinct bacterial virulence factors and controls anti-bacterial responses. We provide evidence for a previously unidentified role for AhR as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, and identify bacterial pigmented virulence factors as a new class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
2014-01-01 | GSE48130 | GEO
Project description:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a highly conserved ligand-dependent transcription factor that senses environmental toxins and endogenous ligands, thereby inducing detoxifying enzymes and modulating immune cell differentiation and responses. We hypothesized that AhR not only evolved to sense pollutants from the environment, but also insults of microbial origin. We demonstrate that bacterial pigmented virulence factors, namely the phenazines pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the naphthoquinone phthiocol from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are ligands of AhR. AhR activation leads to degradation of these virulence factors and regulated cytokine and chemokine production. The relevance of AhR to host defense is underlined by heightened susceptibility of AhR-deficient mice, both to P. aeruginosa and M. tuberculosis. Our data demonstrate that AhR senses distinct bacterial virulence factors and controls anti-bacterial responses. We provide evidence for a previously unidentified role for AhR as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, and identify bacterial pigmented virulence factors as a new class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
2014-01-01 | GSE48132 | GEO