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Programmable RNA base editing with a single engineered protein

ABSTRACT: Programmable base editing of RNA enables rewriting the genetic codes on specific sites. Current tools for specific RNA editing dependent on the assembly or recruitment of the guide RNA into an RNA/protein complex, which may cause delivery barrier and low editing efficiency. Here we report a new set of tools, RNA editing with individual RNA-binding enzyme (REWIRE), to perform precise base editing with a single engineered protein. The REWIRE system contains a human-originated programmable RNA-binding domain (PUF domain) to specifically recognize target sequence and different deaminase domains to achieve A-to-I or C-to-U editing. By utilizing this system, we have achieved editing efficiencies up to 80% in A-to-I editing and 65% in C-to-U editing, with a few non-specific editing sites in the targeted region and a low level off-target effect globally. We applied the REWIREs to correct disease-associated mutations and modify mitochondrial RNAs, and further optimized the REWIREs to improve the editing efficiency and minimize off-target effects. As a single-component base editing system originated from human proteins, REWIRE presents a precise and efficient RNA-editing platform with broad applicability in basic research and gene therapy.

TISSUE(S): Kidney

SUBMITTER: Zefeng,Wang

PROVIDER: OEX003776 | NODE |

REPOSITORIES: NODE

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Programmable RNA base editing with a single engineered protein

Project description:Programmable base editing of RNA enables rewriting the genetic codes on specific sites. Current tools for specific RNA editing dependent on the assembly or recruitment of the guide RNA into an RNA/protein complex, which may cause delivery barrier and low editing efficiency. Here we report a new set of tools, RNA editing with individual RNA-binding enzyme (REWIRE), to perform precise base editing with a single engineered protein. The REWIRE system contains a human-originated programmable RNA-binding domain (PUF domain) to specifically recognize target sequence and different deaminase domains to achieve A-to-I or C-to-U editing. By utilizing this system, we have achieved editing efficiencies up to 80% in A-to-I editing and 65% in C-to-U editing, with a few non-specific editing sites in the targeted region and a low level off-target effect globally. We applied the REWIREs to correct disease-associated mutations and modify mitochondrial RNAs, and further optimized the REWIREs to improve the editing efficiency and minimize off-target effects. As a single-component base editing system originated from human proteins, REWIRE presents a precise and efficient RNA-editing platform with broad applicability in basic research and gene therapy.

2022-09-20 | GSE155734 | GEO

An Improved SNAP-ADAR Tool Enables Efficient RNA Base Editing to Interfere with Post-translational Protein Modification

Project description:RNA base editing applies endogenous or engineered adenosine deaminases to introduce adenosine-to-inosine changes into a target RNA in a highly programmable manner. Recently, notable success was achieved for the repair of disease-causing guanosine-to-adenosine mutations by means of RNA base editing. Here, we propose that RNA base editing could be broadly applied to perturb protein function by removal of regulatory sites of post-translational modification (PTM), like phosphorylation and/or acetylation sites. We demonstrate the feasibility of PTM interference (PTMi) on more than 70 PTM sites in various signaling proteins and identify key determinants for high editing efficiency and potent down-stream effects. Specifically, we demonstrate both negative and positive regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway by PTMi. To identify potent regulatory sites for PTMi, we applied an improved version of the SNAP-ADAR tool, which achieved high editing efficiency over a broad codon scope with tight control of bystander editing. The transient nature of RNA base editing enables the fast, dose-dependent (thus partial) and reversible manipulation of PTM sites, which is a key advantage over DNA editing approaches, where genetic compensation or lethality can conceal a phenotype. In summary, PTM interference might become a valuable field of application of RNA base editing in basic biology and medicine.

2024-04-19 | GSE264114 | GEO

Eliminating genome-wide and transcriptome-wide off-target mutations by base editor [tBE_target_genomic_seq]

Project description:Conjugation of CRISPR-Cas9 with cytidine deaminases leads to base editors (BEs) for programmable C-to-T editing, which holds potentials in clinical applications, but suffers from off-target (OT) mutations. By taking advantage of a cleavable deoxycytidine deaminase inhibitor (dCDI) domain, a transformer BE (tBE) system is developed to induce efficient editing with only background levels of genome-wide and transcriptome-wide OT mutations. After being produced, tBE remains inactive at OT sites with the fusion of a cleavable dCDI, thus eliminating unintended mutations. Only when binding at on-target sites, tBE is transformed to cleave off the dCDI domain and catalyzes targeted deamination for precise base changes. After delivery into mice via a dual-AAV system, tBE created a premature stop codon in Pcsk9 and significantly reduced serum PCSK9 level, which resulted in ~30-40% decrease of total cholesterol. Together, the development of tBE establishes a highly-precise base editing system and its in vivo efficacy envisions potential therapeutic applications.

2021-03-12 | GSE164837 | GEO

Eliminating genome-wide and transcriptome-wide off-target mutations by base editor

2021-03-12 | GSE164477 | GEO

Frequency and mechanisms of LINE-1 retrotransposon insertions at CRISPR/Cas9 sites

Project description:CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has revolutionized experimental molecular biology and entered the clinical world for targeted gene therapy. Identifying DNA modifications occurring at CRISPR/Cas9 target sites is critical to determine efficiency and safety of editing tools. Here we show that insertions of LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons can occur frequently at CRISPR/Cas9 editing sites. Together with PolyA-seq and an improved amplicon sequencing, we characterize more than 2,500 de novo L1 insertions at multiple CRISPR/Cas9 editing sites in HEK293T, HeLa and U2OS cells. These L1 retrotransposition events exploit CRISPR/Cas9-induced DSB formation and require L1 RT activity. Importantly, de novo L1 insertions are rare during genome editing by prime editors (PE), cytidine or adenine base editors (CBE or ABE), consistent with their reduced DSB formation. These data demonstrate that insertions of retrotransposons might be a potential outcome of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and provide further evidence on the safety of different CRISPR-based editing tools.

2022-06-07 | GSE178440 | GEO

A-T to G-C base editing efficiency at targeted gene sites in HEK293T cell line

Project description:A-T to G-C base editing efficiency at targeted gene sites in HEK293T cells using the dCas12f-ABE design or the Cas12f-ABE design. Found that the total A-T to G-C conversion efficiency of Circular gRNAs exhibited about two-fold increase compared with U6 gRNAs. We further analyzed the pattern for A-T to G-C conversion on the target site, and observed that the most efficient base editing occurred in a narrow window A3 (3bp downstream of the PAM) similar to U6 gRNAs. In summary, Circular gRNAs with dCas12f-ABE design could enhance A-T to G-C base editing efficiency in a narrow window.

2024-03-11 | GSE260967 | GEO

Chromatin context-dependent regulation and modulation of prime editing [amplicon]

Project description:Prime editing is a powerful means of introducing precise changes to specific locations in mammalian genomes. However, the widely varying efficiency of prime editing across target sites of interest has limited its adoption in the context of both basic research and clinical settings. Here, we set out to exhaustively characterize the impact of the cis-chromatin environment on prime editing efficiency. Utilizing a newly developed and highly sensitive method for mapping the genomic locations of a randomly integrated “sensor”, we identify specific epigenetic features that strongly correlate with the highly variable efficiency of prime editing across different genomic locations. Next, to assess the interaction of trans-acting factors with the cis-chromatin environment, we develop and apply a pooled genetic screening approach with which the impact of knocking down various DNA repair factors on prime editing efficiency can be stratified by cis-chromatin context. Finally, we demonstrate that we can dramatically modulate the efficiency of prime editing through epigenome editing, i.e. enhancing (or restricting) local chromatin accessibility in order to increase (or decrease) the efficiency of prime editing at a target site. Looking forward, we envision that the insights and tools described here will broaden the range of both basic research and therapeutic contexts in which prime editing is useful.

2023-04-12 | GSE228463 | GEO

Chromatin context-dependent regulation and modulation of prime editing [RNA-seq]

2023-04-12 | GSE228464 | GEO

Chromatin context-dependent regulation and modulation of prime editing [sci-RNA-seq3]

2023-04-12 | GSE228462 | GEO

Enhanced base editing by co-expression of free uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitor

Project description:Even the latest generation of base editor (BE3) causes unwanted indels and non-C-to-T substitutions, compromising the fidelity of base editing outcome. Here we report a enhanced base editing system. The enhanced base edting system decreased the formation of unintended indels and C-to-A/C-to-G substitutions, and increased the frequency of desired C-to-T substitution, thereby improving both the accuracy and efficiency of base editing.

2017-08-29 | GSE98685 | GEO

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