Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE31344: smRNA sequencing of queen and virgin queen of two ants: Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator GSE31346: Transcriptome sequencing of queen and virgin queen of two ants: Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator GSE31576: Single base resolution methylome of two ants: Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator Refer to individual Series
Project description:Responses to social cues, such as pheromones, can be modified by genotype, physiology, or environmental context. Honey bee queens produce a pheromone (queen mandibular pheromone; QMP) which regulates many aspects of worker bee behavior and physiology. Forager honey bees are less responsive to QMP than young nurse bees engaged in brood care, suggesting that physiological changes associated with behavioral maturation may modulate response to this pheromone. Since cGMP is a major regulator of behavioral maturation in honey bee workers, we examined its role in modulating worker responses to QMP. Treatment with a cGMP analog, 8-Br-cGMP, resulted in significant reductions in both behavioral and physiological responses to QMP in young caged workers. Treatment significantly reduced attraction to QMP (the retinue response) and inhibited the QMP-mediated increase in vitellogenin levels in the fat bodies of worker bees. Genome-wide analysis of brain gene expression patterns demonstrated that cGMP has a larger effect on expression levels than QMP, and that QMP has specific effects in the presence of cGMP, suggesting that some responses to QMP may be dependent on an individual beesM-^R physiological state. Several functional gene categories were significantly differentially expressed, including genes involved in regulating GTPase activity, phototransduction, immunity, and carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity. Overall, our data suggest that cGMP-mediated processes play a large role in modulating responses to queen pheromone in honey bees, at the behavioral, physiological and molecular levels.
Project description:Honeybees are very important eusocial insects and are involved in the pollination of many plants. Queen bees and worker bees develop from the same fertilized eggs, and are thus genetically identical despite their substantial behavioural and physiological differences. The mechanism governing developmental differences between worker and queen bees has always attracted much interest. While there are several reports on mRNA expression related to caste differentiation, no systematic investigation of small RNAs has thus far been carried out. Results: Using deep sequencing we systematically profiled small RNA expression in 4th-6th day worker larvae and queen larvae (the critical stages at which the fates of workers and queens are determined), and found that 38 miRNAs were differentially expressed between worker and queen larvae. In addition, 639 mature miRNA candidates were identified in our work for the first time, of which, 526 were expressed only in workers (318) or queens (208). Conclusion: We present the first profile of honeybee small RNAs and explore the mechanism of caste differentiation between worker and queen bees. Caste-specific expression patterns and large discrepancies in small RNA profiles between worker and queen bees indicate that small RNAs may be related to the differential development of worker and queen bee larvae. Results presented here will make a valuable contribution to understanding the caste switch between worker and queen bees.
Project description:Female honeybees are specified as workers or queens based on diet during early development. Workers are essentially sterile with a reduced number of ovarioles and no spermatheca. In the presence of the queen (queen mandibular pheromone) and her brood, worker ovaries are kept in an inactive quiescent state. If the queen is removed, or lost, worker bees are able to sense this change in their environment and their ovaries undergo complete remodelling producing unfertilised haploid eggs that will produce male (drone bees). In this study we analyse gene expression in queen, worker, and laying worker ovaries using RNA-seq and explore differences in the chromatin landscape (focussing on H3K27me3).
Project description:Effects of behavioral maturation, diet quality and Queen Mandibular Pheromone on gene expression in the abdominal fat bodies of worker honey bees.
Project description:The timing and amplitude of reproductive effort are central life history variables for all organisms. In social insects, reproductive effort is collectively controlled at the colony level but little is known about the mechanisms that determine how much colonies invest in reproduction. As part of their female reproductive investment, honey bee colonies raise multiple new queens by feeding royal jelly to female larvae. Artificial selection for commercial royal jelly production in China has generated over the past 40 years a stock of royal jelly bees that raises an order of magnitude more queens and provisions each queen with >3x more royal jelly than unselected stock. Here we establish in a reciprocal cross-fostering experiment that this dramatic shift in social phenotype is due to changes in the nurse bees that care for the brood. We demonstrate higher electrophysiological responsiveness to brood pheromones in royal jelly bees than in unselected bees. Comparing the antennal proteome of unselected and royal jelly bees, we identify proteins involved in chemosensation and energy metabolism as candidates for the observed differences. We confirm several candidates, most prominently OBP16 and CSP4, with quantitative differences of corresponding mRNA levels and functional binding assays between the brood pheromones and the chemosensory proteins. Furthermore, we complement analyses of brood volatiles and electrophysiological recordings with behavioral attraction assays to confirm the presumed biological function of one newly discovered and two existing larval pheromones. Together, these findings help our understanding of pheromonal communication in honey bees and explain how sensory changes in nurse honey bees as alloparental caregivers have evolved in response to artificial selection, leading to a profound shift in colony-level resource allocation to sexual reproduction.
Project description:Female honeybees are specified as workers or queens based on diet during early development. Workers are essentially sterile with a reduced number of ovarioles and no spermatheca. In the presence of the queen (queen mandibular pheromone) and her brood, worker ovaries are kept in an inactive quiescent state. If the queen is removed, or lost, worker bees are able to sense this change in their environment and their ovaries undergo complete remodeling producing unfertilized haploid eggs that will produce male (drone bees). In this study we analyze gene expression in queen, worker, and laying worker ovaries using RNA-seq and explore differences in the chromatin landscape (focusing on H3K27me3).
Project description:This experiment was designed to identify gene expression differences in young bees raised in colonies with a queen, with queen mandibular pheromone (QMP), or without a queen. The source colony was split into three colonies, allocating roughly equal quantities of adult bees, brood, and pollen and nectar stores. One colony retained the original queen (QR), one was left queenless (QL), and the third was given a strip that contained 10 Qeq (QMP+), a dose shown to mimic a live queen (20). The three colonies were transferred to a different apiary > 2 mi away so they would not return to the site of their natal hive. Prior to the colony split, bees (N ~1500) were collected 0-36 h after eclosion, marked on the dorsal thorax with a paint dot (Testors Paint), and ~500 were placed in each of the three colonies. Two days later, the marked bees were collected (N = 100). Bees were collected into liquid nitrogen, and heads were stored as above.