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The Demographic Development of the First Farmers and Their Expansion in Anatolia and Beyond

ABSTRACT: The Demographic Development of the First Farmers and Their Expansion in Anatolia and Beyond

PROVIDER: PRJEB14675 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	ERR1514030.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR1514031.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR1514032.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR1514033.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR1514034.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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The Demographic Development of the First Farmers and Their Expansion in Anatolia and Beyond

Project description:The Demographic Development of the First Farmers and Their Expansion in Anatolia and Beyond

| PRJEB14675 | ENA

The Demographic Development of the First Farmers in Anatolia.

Project description:The archaeological documentation of the development of sedentary farming societies in Anatolia is not yet mirrored by a genetic understanding of the human populations involved, in contrast to the spread of farming in Europe [1-3]. Sedentary farming communities emerged in parts of the Fertile Crescent during the tenth millennium and early ninth millennium calibrated (cal) BC and had appeared in central Anatolia by 8300 cal BC [4]. Farming spread into west Anatolia by the early seventh millennium cal BC and quasi-synchronously into Europe, although the timing and process of this movement remain unclear. Using genome sequence data that we generated from nine central Anatolian Neolithic individuals, we studied the transition period from early Aceramic (Pre-Pottery) to the later Pottery Neolithic, when farming expanded west of the Fertile Crescent. We find that genetic diversity in the earliest farmers was conspicuously low, on a par with European foraging groups. With the advent of the Pottery Neolithic, genetic variation within societies reached levels later found in early European farmers. Our results confirm that the earliest Neolithic central Anatolians belonged to the same gene pool as the first Neolithic migrants spreading into Europe. Further, genetic affinities between later Anatolian farmers and fourth to third millennium BC Chalcolithic south Europeans suggest an additional wave of Anatolian migrants, after the initial Neolithic spread but before the Yamnaya-related migrations. We propose that the earliest farming societies demographically resembled foragers and that only after regional gene flow and rising heterogeneity did the farming population expansions into Europe occur.

| S-EPMC5069350 | biostudies-literature

The genetic structure of the world’s first farmers

Project description:The genetic structure of the world’s first farmers

| PRJEB14455 | ENA

The demographic history and mutational load of African hunter-gatherers and farmers

Project description:The distribution of deleterious genetic variation across human populations is a key issue in evolutionary biology and medical genetics. However, the impact of different modes of subsistence on recent changes in population size, patterns of gene flow, and deleterious mutational load remains unclear. Here, we report high-coverage exomes from various populations of rainforest hunter-gatherers and farmers from central Africa. We find that the recent demographic histories of hunter-gatherers and farmers differed considerably, with population collapses for hunter-gatherers and expansions for farmers, accompanied by increased gene flow. We show that purifying selection against newly arising deleterious alleles is of similar efficiency across African populations, in contrast with Europeans where we detect weaker purifying selection. Furthermore, the per-individual mutation load of rainforest hunter-gatherers is similar to that of farmers, under both additive and recessive models. Our results indicate that differences in the cultural practices and demographic regimes of African populations have not resulted in large differences in mutational burden, and highlight the beneficial role of gene flow in reshaping the distribution of deleterious genetic variation across human populations.

| EGAS00001002457 | EGA

Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia.

Project description:Anatolia was home to some of the earliest farming communities. It has been long debated whether a migration of farming groups introduced agriculture to central Anatolia. Here, we report the first genome-wide data from a 15,000-year-old Anatolian hunter-gatherer and from seven Anatolian and Levantine early farmers. We find high genetic continuity (~80-90%) between the hunter-gatherers and early farmers of Anatolia and detect two distinct incoming ancestries: an early Iranian/Caucasus related one and a later one linked to the ancient Levant. Finally, we observe a genetic link between southern Europe and the Near East predating 15,000 years ago. Our results suggest a limited role of human migration in the emergence of agriculture in central Anatolia.

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Kinship in Neolithic Anatolia

Project description:Variable Kinship Patterns in Neolithic Anatolia Revealed by Ancient Genomes

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Social and genetic diversity among the first farmers of Central Europe

Project description:Social and genetic diversity among the first farmers of Central Europe

| PRJEB64177 | ENA

Population Genetics and Signatures of Selection in Early Neolithic European Farmers

Project description:Selection in Neolithic farmers

| PRJEB52488 | ENA

occupational change pig farmers

Project description:Nasal microbiota composition dynamics after occupational change in animal farmers suggest major shifts

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Brunn 2 LBK farmers

Project description:Interactions between earliest Linearbandkeramik farmers and central European hunter gatherers at the dawn of European Neolithization

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