Project description:Moritella viscosa is a bacterial pathogen causing winter-ulcer disease in Atlantic salmon. The lesions on affected fish lead to increased mortality, decreased fish welfare, and inferior meat quality in farmed salmon. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation by guiding the miRNA induced silencing complex to specific mRNA transcripts (target genes). The goal of this study was to identify miRNAs responding to Moritella viscosa in salmon by investigating miRNA expression in head-kidney and the muscle/skin from lesion sites caused by the pathogen. Protein coding gene expression was investigated by microarray analysis in the same materials.
Project description:Aliivibrio wodanis and Moritella viscosa have often been isolated together from fish with winter ulcer. Little is known about the interaction between the two bacterial species and how the presence of one bacterial species affects the behaviour of the other. The impact on bacterial growth in co-culture was investigated in vitro, and the presence of A. wodanis has a strong inhibitorial effect on M. viscosa. Further, we have sequenced the complete genomes of these two marine Gram-negative species, and have performed transcriptome analysis of the bacterial gene expression levels from in vivo samples. Using bacterial implants in the fish abdomen, we demonstrate that the presence of A. wodanis is altering the gene expression levels of M. viscosa compared to when the bacteria are implanted separately. The impeding effect on growth and the change in the global gene expression pattern of M. viscosa when the two pathogens co-exists is discussed in this paper.
Project description:Salmon alphavirus (SAV) and Moritella viscosa causing respectively pancreatic disease and winter ulcer are among the most important pathogens threatening Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Fish is protected by vaccination with different rate of success. Here, responses to vaccination were assessed followed with pathogen challenges of vaccinated salmon and saline injected control.
Project description:Bacterial pathogen Moritella viscosa, the causative agent of winter ulcer, causes heavy losses in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. The study compared responses in salmon reared under normal condition (G100) and fish exposed to hypoxia - 60% saturation of dissolved oxygen - at early life (G60). G60 showed lower survival after challenge. Analyses were performed in the most affected tissues: skin and spleen
Project description:Vaccinated seawater adapted Atlantic salmon (average weight ~340 g) fed with variable levels of zinc were infected with Moritella viscosa at VESO Vikan. Early responses in skin to infection were investigated 4 days post challenge. Effect of chronic ulceration was investigated 35 days post challenge.
Project description:To investigate the effect of knockout of and pathogenic mutatations in Hnrnph2, we generated mouse lines in which endogenous Hnrnph2 has been knocked out, or 2 pathogenic mutations (R206W, P209L) have been knocked into the endogenous Hnrnph2 using CRISPR Cas-9.
Project description:To investigate the effect of knockout of and pathogenic mutatations in HNRNPH2, we generated human iPSC lines in which endogenous HNRNPH2 has been knocked out, or 3 pathogenic mutations (R206W, R206Q, and P209L) have been knocked into the endogenous HNRNPH2 using CRISPR Cas-9.
Project description:CRISPR-Cas immune systems function to defend prokaryotes against potentially harmful mobile genetic elements including viruses and plasmids. The multiple CRISPR-Cas systems (Types I, II, III) each recognize and target destruction of foreign invader nucleic acids via structurally and functionally diverse effector complexes (crRNPs). CRISPR-Cas effector complexes are comprised of CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that contain sequences homologous to the invading nucleic acids and Cas proteins specific to each immune system type. We have previously characterized a crRNP in Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu) that contains Cmr proteins (Type III-B) associated with one of two primary size forms of crRNAs and functions through homology-dependent cleavage of target RNAs. In the current study, we have isolated and characterized two additional native Pfu CRISPR-Cas complexes containing either Csa (Type I-A) or Cst (Type I-G) proteins and distinct profiles of associated crRNAs. For each complex, the Cas proteins were identified by tandem mass spectrometry and immunoblotting and the crRNAs by RNA deep sequencing and Northern blot analysis. The crRNAs associated with both the Csa and Cst complexes originate from each of seven total CRISPR loci and contain identical 5’ ends (8-nt CRISPR RNA repeat-derived 5’ tag sequences) but heterogeneous 3’ ends (containing variable amounts of downstream repeat sequences). These crRNA forms are distinct from Cmr-associated crRNAs, indicating different 3’ end processing pathways following primary cleavage of common pre-crRNAs. We predict that the newly identified Pfu Type I-A (Csa) and Type I-G (Cst)-containing crRNPs, like other previously characterized Type I CRISPR-Cas effector complexes, each function by carrying out crRNA-guided DNA targeting of invading mobile genetic elements. Taken together, our in-depth characterization of the three isolated native complexes provides clear evidence for three compositionally distinct crRNPs containing either Cmr, Csa, or Cst Cas proteins that together make up an impressive arsenal of CRISPR-Cas defense for a single organism. 4 Samples: Protein-associated small RNAs