Project description:One of the main goals of the quality control evaluation is to identify contaminants in raw material, or contamination after a food is processed and before it is placed on the market. During the treatment processes, contamination, both accidental and economically motivated, can generate incongruence between declared and real composition. In our study, we evaluated if DNA metabarcoding is a suitable tool for unveiling the composition of processed food, when it contains small trace amounts. We tested this method on different types of commercial plant products by using tnrL marker and we applied amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing techniques to identify plant components in different food products. Our results showed that DNA metabarcoding can be an effective approach for food traceability in different type of processed food. Indeed, the vast majority of our samples, we identified the species composition as the labels reported. Although some critical issues still exist, mostly deriving from the starting composition (i.e., variable complexity in taxa composition) of the sample itself and the different processing level (i.e., high or low DNA degradation), our data confirmed the potential of the DNA metabarcoding approach also in quantitative analyses for food composition quality control.
Project description:Acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage (ALAL) is a rare subtype of acute leukemia characterized by the lack of straightforward myeloid or lymphoid lineage commitment. Currently, no treatment guidelines are commonly-accepted for ALAL. Herein, we have established an molecular-guided therapeutic approach to classify ALAL as either possessing an transciptional profile with a tendency towards acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A three and a half years perspective study saw an ALAL patient failed to respond to the ALL-like treatment recommended in most retrospective studies. However, RNA-seq profiling of this ALAL, together with indepth comparative analysis with AML, ALL and healthy bone marrow samples, demonstrated that the ALAL was transcriptomically more similar to AML, and correspondingly a complete molecular remission (CMR) was achieved with AML-like treatment regimen. Moreover, tracking of transcriptomic profile changes at nine time points throughout the treatment successfully detected tumor relapse seven months earlier than conventional approaches. Under the guidance of this Dynamic Transcriptomic Tracking (DTT) approach, we present a further ALAL patient that reached CMR with an AML-like treatment regimen. DTT maybe beneficial in other leukemias that do not possess recommended treatment guidelines. We propose that DTT is condidered for perspective trials.
Project description:Bacillus weihenstephanensis is a subspecies of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group of spore forming bacteria known to cause food spoilage or food poisoning. The key distinguishing phenotype of B. weihenstephanensis is its ability to grow below 7°C or, from a food safety perspective, to grow and potentially produce toxins in a refrigerated environment. In order to gain insight into to the mechanistic basis of its psychrotolerant phenotype, as well as elucidate relevant aspects of its toxigenic profile, the proteome profiles of cells grown at either 6°C or 30°C were compared.
Project description:The model prokaryote Escherichia coli can exist as a either a commensal or a pathogen in the gut of diverse mammalian hosts. These associations, coupled with its ease of cultivation and genetic variability, have made E. coli a popular indicator organism for tracking the origin of fecal water contamination. Source tracking accuracy is predicated on the assumption that E. coli isolates recovered from contaminated water present a genetic signature characteristic of the host from which they originated. In this study, we compared the accuracy with which E. coli isolated from humans, bear, cattle and deer could be identified by standard fingerprinting methods used for library-based microbial source tracking (repetitive element PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) in relation to microarray-based analysis of genome content. Our results show that patterns of gene presence or absence were more useful for distinguishing E. coli isolates from different sources than traditional fingerprinting methods, particularly in the case of human strains. Host-associated differences in genome composition included the presence or absence of mobile IS1 elements as well as genes encoding the ferric dicitrate iron transporter (fec), E. coli common pilus (ECP), type 1 fimbriae and the CRISPR associated cas proteins. Many of these differences occurred in regions of the E. coli chromosome previously shown to be M-bM-^@M-^\hot spotsM-bM-^@M-^] for the integration of horizontally-acquired DNA. PCR primers designed to amplify the IS1 and fec loci confirmed array results and demonstrated the ease with which gene presence/absence data can be converted into a diagnostic assay. The data presented here suggest that, despite the high level of genetic diversity observed among isolates by PFGE, human-derived strains may constitute a distinct ecotype distinguished by multiple potential library-independent source tracking markers. Twelve isolates of E. coli ( 3 from bear, 3 from cattle, 3 from deer and 3 from humans) were isolated from feces and/or raw sewage. Genome content for each strain was assessed in duplicate using comparative genome hybridization with E. coli K12 MG1655 as the reference for a total of 24 arrays.