CpDNA NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM OF TWO SPECIES ELEUTHEROCOCCUS
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB40904 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Climate oscillations are the key factors to understand the patterns in modern biodiversity. East Asia harbors the most diverse temperate flora, largely because an extensive terrestrial ice cap was absent during repeated Pleistocene glaciation-interglacial cycles. Comparing the demographic histories of species that are codistributed and are close relatives may provide insight into how the process of climate change influences species ranges. In this study, we compared the spatial genetic structure and demographic histories of two coexisting Eleutherococcus species, Eleutherococcus senticosus and E. sessiliflorus. Both species are distributed in northern China, regions that are generally considered to be sensitive to climatic fluctuations. These regions once hosted temperate forest, but this temperate forest was replaced by tundra and taiga forest during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), according to pollen records. Using three chloroplast DNA fragments, we assessed the genetic structure of 20 and 9 natural populations of E. senticosus and E. sessiliflorus, respectively. Extremely contrasting genetic patterns were found between the two species; E. sessiliflorus had little genetic variation, whereas E. senticosus had considerably higher levels of genetic variation (15 haplotypes). We speculated that a recent severe bottleneck may have resulted in the extremely low genetic diversity in E. sessiliflorus. In E. senticosus, populations in Northeast China (NEC) harbored all of the haplotypes found in this species and included private haplotypes. The populations in NEC had higher levels of genetic diversity than did those from North China (NC). Therefore, we suggest that both the NC and NEC regions can sustain LGM refugia and that lineage admixture from multiple refugia took place after the LGM elevated the local genetic diversity in NEC. In NEC, multiple genetic hot spots were found in the Changbai Mountains and the Xiaoxing'an Range, which implied that multiple locations in NEC may sustain LGM refugia, even in the Xiaoxing'an Range.
| S-EPMC4833501 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSpecies in the genus Morus (Moraceae) are deciduous woody plants of great economic importance. The classification and phylogenetic relationships of Morus, especially the abundant mulberry resources in China, is still undetermined. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions are among the most widely used molecular markers in phylogenetic analyses of angiosperms. However, according to the previous phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequences, most of the mulberry accessions collected in China were grouped into the largest clade lacking for phylogenetic resolution. Compared with functional ITS sequences, ITS pseudogenes show higher sequence diversity, so they can provide useful phylogenetic information.MethodsWe sequenced the ITS regions and the chloroplast DNA regions TrnL-TrnF and TrnT-TrnL from 33 mulberry accessions, and performed phylogenetic analyses to explore the evolution of mulberry.ResultsWe found ITS pseudogenes in 11 mulberry accessions. In the phylogenetic tree constructed from ITS sequences, clade B was separated into short-type sequence clades (clades 1 and 2), and a long-type sequence clade (clade 3). Pseudogene sequences were separately clustered into two pseudogroups, designated as pseudogroup 1 and pseudogroup 2. The phylogenetic tree generated from cpDNA sequences also separated clade B into two clades.ConclusionsTwo species were separated in clade B. The existence of three connection patterns and incongruent distribution patterns between the phylogenetic trees generated from cpDNA and ITS sequences suggested that the ITS pseudogene sequences connect with genetic information from the female progenitor. Hybridization has played important roles in the evolution of mulberry, resulting in low resolution of the phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences. An evolutionary pattern illustrating the evolution history of mulberry is proposed. These findings have significance for the conservation of local mulberry resources. Polyploidy, hybridization, and concerted evolution have all played the roles in the evolution of ITS sequences in mulberry. This study will expand our understanding of mulberry evolution.
| S-EPMC6911693 | biostudies-literature