Project description:The domestication and transmission of cereals is one of the most fundamental components of early farming, but direct evidence of their use in early culinary practices and economies has remained frustratingly elusive. Using analysis of a well-preserved Early Bronze Age wooden container from Switzerland, we propose novel criterial for the identification of cereal residues. Using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we identified compounds typically associated with plant products, including a series of phenolic lipids (alkylresorcinols) found only at appreciable concentration in wheat and rye bran. The value of these lipids as cereal grain biomarkers were independently corroborated by the presence of macrobotanical remains embedded in the deposit, and wheat and rye endosperm peptides extracted from residue. These findings demonstrate the utility of a lipid-based biomarker for wheat and rye bran and offer a methodological template for future investigations of wider range of archaeological contexts. Alkylresorcinols provide a new tool for residue analysis which can help explore spread and exploitation of cereal grains, a economically fundamental component the advent and spread of farming.
Project description:In this study, the transcriptome of the introgression tomato breeding line BC5S2 and its parental line, Moneymaker (MM) were comparatively analyzed to identify candidate genes related to the differential induction effect of methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) on trichome-mediated resistance responses in these tomato lines.
Project description:cereal vinegar sediment (CVS) was concentrated from solid-state fermentation cereal vinegar from Zhangjiajie, Hebei Province, China.
CVS metabolites were extracted by 80% methanol method.
Vanquish was used as LC source of this study.
Project description:Saliva was collected from c.40,000 diet reared aphids, pooled and concentrated. Samples were coming from 2 aphid species: Metopolophium dirhodum and Sitobion avenae. Proteins were fractionated using SDS PAGE and visible bands were subjected to in gel digestion. Tryptic peptides were analysised on a Thermo LTQ-FT. Protein identification from the MS/MS data was performed using the TurboSEQUEST algorithm in BioWorks v. 3.2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) to correlate the data against ACYPIproteins v2.1, the official protein set of the pea aphid genome assembly (33291 predicted protein models; accessed November 2011) available at http://www.aphidbase.com/aphidbase/downloads. The following search parameters were used: precursor-ion mass tolerance of 1.5 Da, fragment ion tolerance of 1.0 Da with methionine oxidation and cysteine carboxyamidomethylation specified as differential modifications and a maximum of two missed cleavage sites allowed. Two filters were applied: XCorr vs. charge state (1, 2, 3 and 4 = 1.50, 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00 respectively) and peptide probability (p<0.001). Matches with multiple unique peptides and a cumulative XCorr >20 are reported. PLoS One accepted: Proteomic profiling of cereal aphid saliva reveals ubiquitous and adaptative secreted proteins. Rao S.A.K., Carolan, J.C. and Wilkinson, T.L.W.
