Project description:In this study, nine C. muris and 43 C. andersoni isolates from various animals in China were subtyped by a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) tool. DNA sequence analyses showed the presence of 1-2 subtypes of C. muris and 2-6 subtypes of C. andersoni at each of the four loci (MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS16), nine of which represented new subtypes. Altogether, two C. muris and 10 C. andersoni MLST subtypes were detected. Linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated although the overall population structure of the two parasites was clonal, the Chinese C. andersoni in cattle has an epidemic structure. Three and two clusters were produced in the C. muris and C. andersoni populations by Structure 2.3.3 analysis, with Chinese C. muris and C. andersoni substructures differing from other countries. Thus, this study suggested the prevalence of C. andersoni in China is not attributed to the introduction of dairy cattle. More studies involving more genetic loci and systematic sampling are needed to better elucidate the population genetic structure of C. muris and C. andersoni in the world and the genetic basis for the difference in host specificity among the two most common gastric parasites.
Project description:Comparative genomic hybridizations were performed to compare bont/A1 strains with an A2-like toxin gene cluster organization to the genome sequenced strain, C. botulinum ATCC 3502. Keywords: comparative genomic hybridization
Project description:Although widely used for the characterization of the transmission of intestinal Cryptosporidium spp., genotyping tools are not available for C. muris and C. andersoni, two of the most common gastric Cryptosporidium spp. infecting mammals. In this study, we screened the C. muris whole-genome sequencing data for microsatellite and minisatellite sequences. Among the 13 potential loci (6 microsatellite and 7 minisatellite loci) evaluated by PCR and DNA sequencing, 4 were eventually chosen. DNA sequence analyses of 27 C. muris and 17 C. andersoni DNA preparations showed the presence of 5 to 10 subtypes of C. muris and 1 to 4 subtypes of C. andersoni at each locus. Altogether, 11 C. muris and 7 C. andersoni multilocus sequence typing (MLST) subtypes were detected among the 16 C. muris and 12 C. andersoni specimens successfully sequenced at all four loci. In all analyses, the C. muris isolate (TS03) that originated from an East African mole rat differed significantly from other C. muris isolates, approaching the extent of genetic differences between C. muris and C. andersoni. Thus, an MLST technique was developed for the high-resolution typing of C. muris and C. andersoni. It should be useful for the characterization of the population genetics and transmission of gastric Cryptosporidium spp.
Project description:We describe a case of Cryptosporidium muris infection in an HIV-infected adult with diarrhea in Kenya. Sequence analysis of an 840-bp region of the 18S rRNA gene locus demonstrated the isolate had 100% nucleotide identity with C. muris recovered from a rock hyrax, 98.8% with a C. muris "calf" isolate, 95.5% with C. serpentis, but only 87.8% with C. parvum "human" type.
Project description:Archer2011 - Genome-scale metabolic model of
Escherichia coli (iCA1273)
This model is described in the article:
The genome sequence of E.
coli W (ATCC 9637): comparative genome analysis and an improved
genome-scale reconstruction of E. coli.
Archer CT, Kim JF, Jeong H, Park JH,
Vickers CE, Lee SY, Nielsen LK.
BMC Genomics 2011; 12: 9
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli is a model prokaryote, an
important pathogen, and a key organism for industrial
biotechnology. E. coli W (ATCC 9637), one of four strains
designated as safe for laboratory purposes, has not been
sequenced. E. coli W is a fast-growing strain and is the only
safe strain that can utilize sucrose as a carbon source.
Lifecycle analysis has demonstrated that sucrose from sugarcane
is a preferred carbon source for industrial bioprocesses.
RESULTS: We have sequenced and annotated the genome of E. coli
W. The chromosome is 4,900,968 bp and encodes 4,764 ORFs. Two
plasmids, pRK1 (102,536 bp) and pRK2 (5,360 bp), are also
present. W has unique features relative to other sequenced
laboratory strains (K-12, B and Crooks): it has a larger genome
and belongs to phylogroup B1 rather than A. W also grows on a
much broader range of carbon sources than does K-12. A
genome-scale reconstruction was developed and validated in
order to interrogate metabolic properties. CONCLUSIONS: The
genome of W is more similar to commensal and pathogenic B1
strains than phylogroup A strains, and therefore has greater
utility for comparative analyses with these strains. W should
therefore be the strain of choice, or 'type strain' for group
B1 comparative analyses. The genome annotation and tools
created here are expected to allow further utilization and
development of E. coli W as an industrial organism for
sucrose-based bioprocesses. Refinements in our E. coli
metabolic reconstruction allow it to more accurately define E.
coli metabolism relative to previous models.
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MODEL1507180010.
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Project description:Cryptosporidium muris, predominantly a rodent species of Cryptosporidium, is not normally considered a human pathogen. Recently, isolated human infections have been reported from Indonesia, Thailand, France, and Kenya. We report the first case of C. muris in a human in the Western Hemisphere. This species may be an emerging zoonotic pathogen capable of infecting humans.