Project description:Lifespan varies both within and across species, but the general principles of its control are not understood. To identify transcriptomic signatures of mammalian longevity, we sequenced multiple organs of young adult mammals corresponding to 8 different species, including Canadian beaver, long-tailed macaque, greater tube-nosed bat, baboon, white-footed mouse, sugar glider, Siberian chipmunk and American black bear. We aggregated this dataset with publicly available pan-mammalian data and performed multi-tissue gene expression analyses across 41 mammalian species. This allowed us to identifiy signatures of species longevity and assess their relationship with biomarkers of aging and lifespan-extending interventions. This dataset complements RNAseq profiles of tissues from 23 mammalian species stored at GSE43013.
Project description:We implemented a functional genomics approach as a means to undertake a large-scale analysis of the Xenopus laevis inner ear transcriptome through microarray analysis. Microarray analysis uncovered genes within the X. laevis inner ear transcriptome associated with inner ear function and impairment in other organisms, thereby supporting the inclusion of Xenopus in cross-species genetic studies of the inner ear. Gene expression analysis of Xenopus laevis juvenile inner ear tissue. Inner ear RNA isolated from three groups of 5-10 juvenile X. laevis. Each biological replicate represents pooled inner ear RNA from 10-19 inner ears.
Project description:In this study, we generated a human inner ear atlas containing three stages of inner ear development. This atlas was used to evaluate the differentiation approach of human pluripotent stem cells in to complex inner ear tissue, known as inner ear organoids. The primary goal of this single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis was to capture the cell type diversity of the human inner ear at different stages of development. The secondary goal was to define the similarity of organoid-derived inner ear cell types with the atlas-derived human inner ear cell types and to determine the developmental stage of the organoid-derived inner ear cell types.
Project description:Jamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis) naturally harbor a wide range of viruses of human relevance. These infections are typically mild in bats, suggesting unique features of their immune system. To better understand the immune response to viral infections in bats, we infected Jamaican fruit bats with the bat-derived influenza A virus H18N11. Using comparative single-cell RNA sequencing, we generated a single-cell atlas of the Jamaican fruit bat intestine and mesentery, the target organs of infection. Gene expression profiling showed that H18N11 infection resulted in a moderate induction of interferon-stimulated genes and transcriptional activation of immune cells. H18N11 infection was prominent in various leukocytes, including macrophages, B cells, and NK/T cells. Confirming these findings, human leukocytes, particularly macrophages, were also susceptible to H18N11, highlighting the zoonotic potential of this virus. Our study provides insight into the virus-host relationship and thus serves as a fundamental resource for further characterization of bat immunology.
Project description:We implemented a functional genomics approach as a means to undertake a large-scale analysis of the Xenopus laevis inner ear transcriptome through microarray analysis. Microarray analysis uncovered genes within the X. laevis inner ear transcriptome associated with inner ear function and impairment in other organisms, thereby supporting the inclusion of Xenopus in cross-species genetic studies of the inner ear.
Project description:The inner ear in mammals is derived from a simple ectodermal thickening called the otic placode. Through a series of complex morphological changes, the placode forms the mature inner ear comprising of the auditory organ (cochlea) and the vestibular/balance organs (utricle, saccule, and three semi-circular canals). The vast majority of genes known to be involved during inner ear development have been found through mutational screens or by chance. To identify genes that can serve as novel candidates required for inner ear development, and also candidate genes for uncloned human deafnesses, inner ear tissues from mouse embryos from E9 to E15 were microdissected and expression-profiled at half-day intervals. Also profiled was the non-inner ear mesenchymal tissue surrounding the inner ear tissue. Various patterns of gene expression were identified, and significant biological pathways that these genes represented were identified. Also identified were mouse genes whose human orthologs are located within uncloned non-syndromic deafness intervals, thus serving as candidates for sequence analysis. Experiment Overall Design: Inner ear tissues from E9 to E15 were microdissected at half-day intervals. E9 is the earliest stage when the otic placode is clearly visible and able to be microdissected cleanly. E15 is the stage when all the organs of the inner ear have become established, as have the sensory hair and non-sensory support cells within those organs. For each of the stages from E9 to E10, whole inner ears were profiled. For each of the stages from E10.5 to E12, the primordial cochlear and vestibular organs were profiled separately. For each of the stages from E12.5 to E15, the cochlea and the saccule were profiled separately, whereas the utricle and the three ampullae were combined and profiled together. Any given tissue from any given stage was a collection of anywhere between 4 to 17 identical tissues, and was obtained in duplicate (i.e. from different litters). Hence, a total of 58 inner ear samples were obtained. Moreover, non-inner ear tissue found in the immediate vicinity of inner ear tissue was also obtained and profiled. Specifically, all non-inner ear tissue from E9 was profiled in duplicate. Non-inner ear tissue from E9.5 to E10.5 was pooled and profiled together (in duplicate), whereas that from E11 to E15 was pooled and profiled together (also in duplicate). Therefore, a total of 6 non-inner samples were obtained.
Project description:Bats harbour various viruses without severe symptoms and act as natural reservoirs. This tolerance of bats toward viral infections is assumed to be originated from the uniqueness of their immune system. However, how the innate immune response varies between primates and bats remains unclear. To illuminate differences in innate immune responses among animal species, we performed a comparative single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from four species including Egyptian fruit bats inoculated with various infectious stimuli.
Project description:The genes involved in inner ear development have yet to be fully characterized. Previous gene-based analyses have primarily focused on the early developmental stages following induction and initial formation of the inner ear. The inner ear continues to grow and develop until the auditory and vestibular systems reach full maturity; all of the genes involved in this process have yet to be identified. The aim of this study is to identify additional candidate genes for inner ear development. Microarrays were used to produce expression profiles from the post-metamorphic juvenile stage of the Xenopus laevis inner ear.
Project description:The inner ear in mammals is derived from a simple ectodermal thickening called the otic placode. Through a series of complex morphological changes, the placode forms the mature inner ear comprising of the auditory organ (cochlea) and the vestibular/balance organs (utricle, saccule, and three semi-circular canals). The vast majority of genes known to be involved during inner ear development have been found through mutational screens or by chance. To identify genes that can serve as novel candidates required for inner ear development, and also candidate genes for uncloned human deafnesses, inner ear tissues from mouse embryos from E9 to E15 were microdissected and expression-profiled at half-day intervals. Also profiled was the non-inner ear mesenchymal tissue surrounding the inner ear tissue. Various patterns of gene expression were identified, and significant biological pathways that these genes represented were identified. Also identified were mouse genes whose human orthologs are located within uncloned non-syndromic deafness intervals, thus serving as candidates for sequence analysis. Keywords: Developmental timecourse