Project description:The goal of this project is to find out whether human intestinal IgA1 and IgA2 secretion, transport and reactivity towards the microbiota might be involved in dysbiosis induction during Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize SIgA from Crohn’s disease patient and Ulcerative colitis patient, in term of O- and N-glycosylation in order to study their reverse transcytosis capacity and their role in intestinal inflammation.
Project description:Crohn’s Disease (CD) pathogenesis is still unclear. Disorders in the mucosal immunoregulation and its crosstalk with the microbiota may represent an important component in tissue injury. We aimed to characterize the molecular immune response distribution within the ileal layers ( mucosa, submucosa and serosa) and to evaluate the correlated microbiota in pathological/healthy settings comparing first surgery/relapse clinical conditions.
Project description:Crohn’s Disease (CD) pathogenesis is still unclear. Disorders in the mucosal immunoregulation and its crosstalk with the microbiota may represent an important component in tissue injury. We aimed to characterize the molecular immune response distribution within the ileal layers ( mucosa, submucosa and serosa) and to evaluate the correlated microbiota in pathological/healthy settings comparing first surgery/relapse clinical conditions.
Project description:Stromal cell (SC) contributions to intestinal inflammation are inadequately understood. Here we show that CD90+vimentin+SMA- SCs isolated from Crohn’s disease intestine (Crohn’s SCs) displayed higher levels of spontaneously released and microbiota-induced inflammatory mediators, including IL-6 and TGF-b, and surface adhesion molecules, than SCs isolated from healthy intestine (Normal SCs). Comparative transcriptome analysis confirmed the predominance of upregulated inflammatory response and cytokine signaling genes and pathway molecules in Crohn’s SCs. Importantly, intestinal SCs provided retinoic acid (RA), which regulated DC maturation, and in an in vitro cross-talk system E. coli LF82-stimulated Crohn’s SCs promoted differentiation of more inflammatory TNFhi/IL-12lo/RAlo DCs and IFN-ghi/IL-17hi effector T cells than Normal SCs. Explaining this finding, Crohn’s SCs synthesized less RA and expressed more retinaldehyde reductase DHRS3, which inhibits retinol conversion to retinal, than Normal SCs. Our findings uncover microbe-SC crosstalk in which mucosal SCs initiate and perpetuate DC-driven T-cell-mediated inflammation in Crohn’s disease.
Project description:B. bassiana regulates transcriptional adaptation to host hemocoel, which is a determinant to the biocontrol potential of fungal entomopathogens. The global transcriptome related to fungal development in host was analyzed by using high throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq). Our transcriptional profiles revealed that majority of fungal genes are involved in fungal growth in host environmental, and are associated with various cellular processes.
Project description:Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is associated with Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the mechanisms leading to the chronic mucosal inflammation that characterizes this disease remain unclear. To evaluate causality and mechanisms of disease, we conducted a systems level study of the interactions between the gut microbiota and host in new-onset pediatric patients. We report an altered host proteome in CD patients indicative of impaired mitochondrial functions. A downregulation of mitochondrial proteins implicated in H2S detoxification was observed, while the relative abundance of H2S microbial producers was increased. Network correlation analysis identified Atopobium parvulum as the central hub of H2S producers. Gnotobiotic and conventionalized colitis-susceptible interleukin-10-deficient (Il10-/-) mice demonstrated that A. parvulum induced colitis, a phenotype requiring the presence of the intestinal microbiota. Administration of bismuth, a H2S scavenger, prevented A. parvulum-induced colitis in Il10-/- mice. This study identified host-microbiota interactions that are disturbed in CD patients providing mechanistic insights on CD pathogenesis.
Project description:Instability in the composition of gut bacterial communities, referred as dysbiosis, has been associated with important human intestinal disorders such as Crohn’s disease and colorectal cancer. Our data showed that Nod2-mediated risk of intestinal inflammation in colitis model is communicable to WT mice by cohousing. Here, we investigated if Nod2-deficient mice microbiota is able to change transcript profiles in Nod2-immunocompetent mice (C57Bl6/J mice) independently of colitis. Analysis used RNA extracted from colonic mucosa of C57Bl/6J mice co-housed with Nod2-deficient mice and C57Bl/6J mice alone. Direct comparisons of 4 biologicals replicates of C57Bl/6J mice cohoused with Nod2-deficient mice vs C57Bl/6J mice were performed.
Project description:To determine how the fungal sterol homeostasis pathway contributes to the fungal pH response. To do so, we compared the transcriptomes of the sre1∆ mutant strain to that of the WT H99 strain in acidic (pH 4) and alkaline (pH 8) conditions.
Project description:Under steady state conditions, the immune system is poised to sense and respond to the microbiota. As such, immunity to the microbiota, including T cell responses, is expected to precede any inflammatory trigger. How this pool of preformed microbiota-specific T cells contributes to tissue pathologies remains unclear. Here, using an experimental model of psoriasis, we show that recall responses to commensal skin fungi can significantly aggravate tissue inflammation. Enhanced pathology caused by fungi pre-exposure depends on Th17 responses and neutrophil extracellular traps and recapitulates features of the transcriptional landscape of human lesional psoriatic skin. Together, our results propose that recall responses directed to skin fungi can directly promote skin inflammation and that exploration of tissue inflammation should be assessed in the context of recall responses to the microbiota.