Drosophila melanogaster
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA325554 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:A major challenge of modern biology is to understand how naturally occurring variation in DNA sequences affects complex organismal phenotypes through networks of intermediate molecular phenotypes. Here, we performed deep RNA sequencing of 200 Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel inbred lines with complete genome sequences and mapped expression quantitative trait loci for annotated genes, novel transcribed regions (most of which are long noncoding RNAs), transposable elements and microbial species. We identified host variants affecting expression of transposable elements independent of copy number and microbiome composition. We constructed sex-specific expression quantitative trait locus regulatory networks. These networks are enriched for novel transcribed regions and target genes in heterochromatin and euchromatic regions of reduced recombination and are associated with transposable element expression. This study uncovers novel genetic features that regulate natural genetic variation of gene expression and generates testable hypotheses for future functional analyses.
2020-02-28 | GSE117850 | GEO
Project description:Transposable elements are genomic parasites that expand within and spread between genomes. Piwi proteins control transposon activity, notably in the germline. These proteins recognize their targets through small RNA co-factors named piRNAs, making piRNA biogenesis a key specificity-determining step in this important genome immunity system. While the processing of piRNA precursors is an essential step in this process, many molecular details of this process remain unknown. We identify a novel endoribonuclease, PUCH, that initiates piRNA processing in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetic and biochemical studies show that PUCH, a trimer of Schlafen-like-domain (SLFNL) proteins, executes 5ï‚¢-end piRNA precursor cleavage. PUCH-mediated processing strictly requires an m7G-Cap and a Uracil at position three. We also demonstrate how PUCH interacts with PETISCO, a complex that binds piRNA precursors, and that this interaction enhances piRNA production in vivo. The identification of PUCH completes the C. elegans piRNA biogenesis repertoire and uncovers a novel type of RNA endonuclease formed by three SLFL proteins. Mammalian Slfn genes have been associated with immunity responses, exposing a novel molecular link between immune responses in mammals and deeply conserved RNA-based mechanisms that control transposable elements.
2023-10-24 | PXD039502 | Pride
Project description:Expression profile and RNA Polymerase II occupancy of transposable elements among knock down of the piRNA pathway components in OSCs
| PRJNA203266 | ENA
Project description:Argonaute proteins of the PIWI-clade, complexed with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), protect the animal germline genome by silencing transposable elements. One of the leading experimental systems for studying piRNA biology is the Drosophila melanogaster ovary. In addition to classical mutagenesis, transgenic RNA interference (RNAi), which enables tissue-specific silencing of gene expression, plays a central role in piRNA research. Here, we establish a versatile toolkit focused on piRNA biology that integrates transgenic RNAi in the germline, GFP-marker lines for key proteins of the piRNA pathway, and reporter transgenes to establish genetic hierarchies. We compare constitutive, pan-germline RNAi with an equally potent transgenic RNAi system that is activated only upon germ cell cyst formation. Stage specific RNAi allows investigating the role of genes essential for cell survival (e.g. nuclear RNA export or the SUMOylation pathways) in piRNA-dependent and independent transposon silencing. Our work forms the basis for an expandable genetic toolkit available from the Vienna Drosophila Resource Center.
2021-05-19 | GSE174611 | GEO
Project description:PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small RNAs that play a conserved role in genome defense by silencing transposable elements. The piRNA processing pathway is dependent on the sequestration of RNA precursors and protein factors in specific subcellular compartments. Therefore, a highly resolved spatial proteomics approach can help identify the local interactions and thereby elucidate the unknown aspects of piRNA biogenesis. Herein, we performed TurboID proximity labeling to investigate the interactome of Zucchini (Zuc), a key factor of piRNA biogenesis in germline cells and somatic follicle cells of the Drosophila ovary. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of biotinylated proteins defined the Zuc-proximal proteome, including the well-known partners of Zuc in piRNA biogenesis. Many of these were enriched in the cellular compartment of mitochondria or the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), where Zuc was specifically localized. A unique subset of proteins in the Zuc proximal proteome was characterized in comparison with the Tom20 proximal proteome, despite the overlapping subcellular localization of Zuc and Tom20 on OMM, indicating that the proximal proteomes in this analysis have target protein specificity beyond the subcellular localization dependency. Interestingly, the data indicated that chaperone function-related and endomembrane system/vesicle transport proteins are novel interacting partners of Zuc. The functional relevance of several candidates in piRNA biogenesis was validated by derepression of transposable elements after knockdown. Our results not only present potential Zuc-interacting proteins, but also suggest unrecognized biological processes, providing new insights into the physiological functions and molecular mechanisms of Zuc.
2023-02-08 | PXD036182 | Pride
Project description:Co-evolution of transposable elements and piRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster
| PRJNA309630 | ENA
Project description:Hybrid dysgenesis of natural strains in Drosophila and piRNA
| PRJDB5877 | ENA
Project description:The piRNA-interacting Piwi protein is involved in transcriptional silencing of transposable elements in ovaries of D. melanogaster. Here we characterized the genome-wide effect of nuclear Piwi elimination on the presence of the heterochromatic H3K9me3 mark and HP1a, as well as on the transcription-associated mark H3K4me2. Our results demonstrate that a significant increase in the H3K4me2 level upon nuclear Piwi loss is not accompanied by the alterations in H3K9me3 and HP1a levels for several germline-expressed transposons, suggesting that in this case Piwi prevents transcription by a mechanism distinct from H3K9 methylation. We found that the targets of Piwi-dependent chromatin repression are mainly related to the elements that display a higher level of H3K4me2 modification in the absence of silencing, i.e. most actively transcribed elements. We also show that Piwi-guided silencing does not significantly influence the chromatin state of dual-strand piRNA-producing clusters. In addition, host protein-coding gene expression is essentially not affected due to the nuclear Piwi elimination, but we noted an increase in small nuclear spliceosomal RNAs abundance and propose Piwi involvement in their posttranscriptional regulation. Our work reveals new aspects of transposon silencing in Drosophila, indicating that transcription of transposons can underpin their Piwi dependent silencing, while canonical heterochromatin marks are not obligatory for their repression. Examination of histone modifications in ovaries from two different fly lines- piwiNt/piwi2 (mutant) and piwi/+ (wildtype)
2014-05-19 | E-GEOD-56347 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The piRNA-interacting Piwi protein is involved in transcriptional silencing of transposable elements in ovaries of D. melanogaster. Here we characterized the genome-wide effect of nuclear Piwi elimination on the presence of the heterochromatic H3K9me3 mark and HP1a, as well as on the transcription-associated mark H3K4me2. Our results demonstrate that a significant increase in the H3K4me2 level upon nuclear Piwi loss is not accompanied by the alterations in H3K9me3 and HP1a levels for several germline-expressed transposons, suggesting that in this case Piwi prevents transcription by a mechanism distinct from H3K9 methylation. We found that the targets of Piwi-dependent chromatin repression are mainly related to the elements that display a higher level of H3K4me2 modification in the absence of silencing, i.e. most actively transcribed elements. We also show that Piwi-guided silencing does not significantly influence the chromatin state of dual-strand piRNA-producing clusters. In addition, host protein-coding gene expression is essentially not affected due to the nuclear Piwi elimination, but we noted an increase in small nuclear spliceosomal RNAs abundance and propose Piwi involvement in their posttranscriptional regulation. Our work reveals new aspects of transposon silencing in Drosophila, indicating that transcription of transposons can underpin their Piwi dependent silencing, while canonical heterochromatin marks are not obligatory for their repression.
2014-05-19 | GSE56347 | GEO
Project description:Transcriptional silencing of transposable elements by Piwi and its impact on chromatin and gene expression
| PRJNA178497 | ENA