A guide to single-cell transcriptomics in adult rodent brain: the medium spiny neuron transcriptome revisited
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA445066 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR6876620_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6876620_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6876630_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6876630_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6876640_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Recent advances in single-cell technologies are paving the way to a comprehensive understanding of the cellular complexity in the brain. Protocols for single-cell transcriptomics combine a variety of sophisticated methods in order to isolate heavily interconnected and heterogeneous neuronal cell types in a relatively intact and healthy state. The emphasis of single-cell transcriptome studies has thus far been on comparing library generation and sequencing techniques that enable measurement of the minute amounts of starting material from a single cell. However, in order for data to be comparable, standardized cell isolation techniques are essential. Here, we analyzed and simplified methods for the different steps critically involved in single-cell isolation from brain. These include highly region-specific cellular labelling compatible with use of stereotaxic coordinates, enzymatic digestion, tissue trituration, and improved methods for efficient fluorescence-activated cell sorting in samples containing high degree of debris from the neuropil. The methods are exemplified using medium spiny neurons (MSN) from dorsomedial striatum, a cell type that is clinically relevant for disorders of the basal ganglia, including psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. We present single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data from D1 and D2 dopamine receptor expressing MSN subtypes. We illustrate the need for single-cell resolution by comparing to available population-based gene expression data of striatal medium spiny neuron subtypes. Our findings contribute towards standardizing important steps of single-cell isolation from adult brain tissue to increase comparability of data. Furthermore, our data newly define the transcriptome of medium spiny neurons at unprecedented resolution and identify novel subtype specific marker genes in this important cell type
2018-05-01 | GSE112177 | GEO
Project description:Recent advances in single-cell technologies are paving the way to a comprehensive understanding of the cellular complexity in the brain. Protocols for single-cell transcriptomics combine a variety of sophisticated methods for the purpose of isolating the heavily interconnected and heterogeneous neuronal cell types in a relatively intact and healthy state. The emphasis of single-cell transcriptome studies has thus far been on comparing library generation and sequencing techniques that enable measurement of the minute amounts of starting material from a single cell. However, in order for data to be comparable, standardized cell isolation techniques are essential. Here, we analyzed and simplified methods for the different steps critically involved in single-cell isolation from brain. These include enzymatic digestion, tissue trituration, improved methods for efficient fluorescence-activated cell sorting in samples containing high degree of debris from the neuropil, and finally, highly region-specific cellular labeling compatible with use of stereotaxic coordinates. The methods are exemplified using medium spiny neurons (MSN) from dorsomedial striatum, a cell type that is clinically relevant for disorders of the basal ganglia, including psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. We present single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data from D1 and D2 dopamine receptor expressing MSN subtypes. We illustrate the need for single-cell resolution by comparing to available population-based gene expression data of striatal MSN subtypes. Our findings contribute toward standardizing important steps of single-cell isolation from adult brain tissue to increase comparability of data. Furthermore, our data redefine the transcriptome of MSNs at unprecedented resolution by confirming established marker genes, resolving inconsistencies from previous gene expression studies, and identifying novel subtype-specific marker genes in this important cell type.
| S-EPMC6018757 | biostudies-literature
Project description:HD and control patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells were used to generate medium spiny neuron-like cells. Three control in triplicate, one control in duplicate, one HD samples with CAG repeat length in typical adult onset range in triplicate and one in duplicate, and five HD samples with CAG repeat length in typical juvenile onset range in triplicate were differentiated as biological growth replicate (separate differentiations) into medium spiny neuron-like cells. Total RNA was isolated using the Qiagen RNeasy Kit and QIAshredders for cell lysis. 1 µg of RNA with RIN values >9 were used for library preparation using the strand specific Illumina TruSeq Total RNA protocol. Libraries were sequenced on the HiSeq 2500 using 100 cycles to obtain paired-end 100 reads at >50M reads per sample.
2020-03-01 | GSE144518 | GEO
Project description:HD and control patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells were used to generate medium spiny neuron (MSN)-like cells. Three control in triplicate, one control in duplicate, one HD samples with CAG repeat length in typical adult onset range in triplicate and one in duplicate, and five HD samples with CAG repeat length in typical juvenile onset range in triplicate were differentiated as biological growth replicate (separate differentiations) into medium spiny neuron-like cells. Total RNA was isolated using the Qiagen RNeasy Kit and QIAshredders for cell lysis. 1 µg of RNA with RIN values >9 were used for library preparation using the strand specific Illumina TruSeq Total RNA protocol. Libraries were sequenced on the HiSeq 2500 using 100 cycles to obtain paired-end 100 reads at >50M reads per sample.
2020-03-01 | GSE144559 | GEO
Project description:HD and control patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells were used to generate medium spiny neuron-like cells. Three control in triplicate, one control in duplicate, one HD samples with CAG repeat length in typical adult onset range in triplicate and one in duplicate, and five HD samples with CAG repeat length in typical juvenile onset range in triplicate were differentiated as biological growth replicate (separate differentiations) into medium spiny neuron-like cells. Total RNA was isolated using the Qiagen RNeasy Kit and QIAshredders for cell lysis. 1 µg of RNA with RIN values >9 were used for library preparation using the strand specific Illumina TruSeq Total RNA protocol. Libraries were sequenced on the HiSeq 2500 using 100 cycles to obtain paired-end 100 reads at >50M reads per sample.
2020-03-01 | GSE144493 | GEO
Project description:HD and control patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells were used to generate medium spiny neuron-like cells. One control and one HD sample with CAG repeat length in typical adult onset range were differentiated into medium spiny neuron-like cells. Cells were dissociated into single cell suspension and single cell viability for each sample was determined (86.9% for control, 80.9% for HD). Cells were processed using 10x genomics single cell platform. Libraries were sequenced on the HiSeq 4000 using 100 cycles to obtain paired-end 100 reads at >50M reads per cell. The estimated number of cells sampled was 5,070 (control) and 3,829 (HD) with an average number of reads per cell at 31,675 (control) and 41,939 (HDQ). After QC filtering, the data were aggregated using Cell Ranger and gene-by-cell expression matrices generated and used as input for Seurat and Scanpy.
2020-03-01 | GSE144477 | GEO
Project description:Dopamine system disorders ranging from movement disorders to addiction and schizophrenia involve striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), yet their functional connectivity has been difficult to determine comprehensively. We generated a mouse with conditional channelrhodopsin-2 expression restricted to medium spiny neurons and assessed the specificity and strength of their intrinsic connections in the striatum and their projections to the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. In the striatum, medium spiny neurons connected with other MSNs and tonically active cholinergic interneurons, but not with fast-spiking GABA interneurons. In the globus pallidus, medium spiny neurons connected strongly with one class of electrophysiologically identified neurons, but weakly with the other. In the substantia nigra, medium spiny neurons connected strongly with GABA, but not with dopamine neurons. Projections to the globus pallidus showed solely D2-mediated presynaptic inhibition, whereas projections to the substantia nigra showed solely D1-mediated presynaptic facilitation. This optogenetic approach defines the functional connectome of the striatal medium spiny neuron.
| S-EPMC3074638 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The cellular heterogeneity of the brain confounds efforts to elucidate the biological properties of distinct neuronal populations. Using Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice which express EGFP-tagged ribosomal protein L10a in defined cell populations, we have developed a methodology to affinity purify polysomal mRNAs from genetically defined cell populations in the brain. The utility of this approach is illustrated by the comparative analysis of four types of neurons, revealing hundreds of genes that distinguish these four cell populations. We find that even two morphologically indistinguishable, intermixed subclasses of medium spiny neuron display vastly different translational profiles and present examples of the physiological significance of such differences. This genetically targeted Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) methodology is a generalizable method useful for the identification of molecular changes in any genetically defined cell type in response to genetic alterations, disease, or pharmacological perturbations. Keywords: Cell Type Comparison
2008-11-14 | GSE13384 | GEO
Project description:The cellular heterogeneity of the brain confounds efforts to elucidate the biological properties of distinct neuronal populations. Using Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice which express EGFP-tagged ribosomal protein L10a in defined cell populations, we have developed a methodology to affinity purify polysomal mRNAs from genetically defined cell populations in the brain. The utility of this approach is illustrated by the comparative analysis of four types of neurons, revealing hundreds of genes that distinguish these four cell populations. We find that even two morphologically indistinguishable, intermixed subclasses of medium spiny neuron display vastly different translational profiles and present examples of the physiological significance of such differences. This genetically targeted Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) methodology is a generalizable method useful for the identification of molecular changes in any genetically defined cell type in response to genetic alterations, disease, or pharmacological perturbations. Keywords: Cell Type Comparison For each cell population, D1 and D2, three independent TRAP replicates were collected, and total RNA from the immunoprecipitates were amplified and hybridized. Data were normalized with the GC-RMA algorithm, and expression values on each chip were normalized to that chip’s 50th percentile. Data were then converted to log2 scale. We recommend that only genes where more than one sample has a normalized intensity larger than 16 (4 in log2 scale) should be kept in the analysis.
2008-11-14 | E-GEOD-13384 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Slowly varying activity in the striatum, the main Basal Ganglia input structure, is important for the learning and execution of movement sequences. Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) form cell assemblies whose population firing rates vary coherently on slow behaviourally relevant timescales. It has been shown that such activity emerges in a model of a local MSN network but only at realistic connectivities of 10 ~ 20% and only when MSN generated inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (IPSPs) are realistically sized. Here we suggest a reason for this. We investigate how MSN network generated population activity interacts with temporally varying cortical driving activity, as would occur in a behavioural task. We find that at unrealistically high connectivity a stable winners-take-all type regime is found where network activity separates into fixed stimulus dependent regularly firing and quiescent components. In this regime only a small number of population firing rate components interact with cortical stimulus variations. Around 15% connectivity a transition to a more dynamically active regime occurs where all cells constantly switch between activity and quiescence. In this low connectivity regime, MSN population components wander randomly and here too are independent of variations in cortical driving. Only in the transition regime do weak changes in cortical driving interact with many population components so that sequential cell assemblies are reproducibly activated for many hundreds of milliseconds after stimulus onset and peri-stimulus time histograms display strong stimulus and temporal specificity. We show that, remarkably, this activity is maximized at striatally realistic connectivities and IPSP sizes. Thus, we suggest the local MSN network has optimal characteristics - it is neither too stable to respond in a dynamically complex temporally extended way to cortical variations, nor is it too unstable to respond in a consistent repeatable way. Rather, it is optimized to generate stimulus dependent activity patterns for long periods after variations in cortical excitation.
| S-EPMC3623749 | biostudies-literature