Project description:The response of soil microbial community to climate warming through both function shift and composition reorganization may profoundly influence global nutrient cycles, leading to potential significant carbon release from the terrain to the atmosphere. Despite the observed carbon flux change in northern permafrost, it remains unclear how soil microbial community contributes to this ecosystem alteration. Here, we applied microarray-based GeoChip 4.0 to investigate the functional and compositional response of subsurface (15~25cm) soil microbial community under about one year’s artificial heating (+2°C) in the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research site on Alaska’s moist acidic tundra. Statistical analyses of GeoChip signal intensities showed significant microbial function shift in AK samples. Detrended correspondence analysis and dissimilarity tests (MRPP and ANOSIM) indicated significant functional structure difference between the warmed and the control communities. ANOVA revealed that 60% of the 70 detected individual genes in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur cyclings were substantially increased (p<0.05) by heating. 18 out of 33 detected carbon degradation genes were more abundant in warming samples in AK site, regardless of the discrepancy of labile or recalcitrant C, indicating a high temperature sensitivity of carbon degradation genes in rich carbon pool environment. These results demonstrated a rapid response of northern permafrost soil microbial community to warming. Considering the large carbon storage in northern permafrost region, microbial activity in this region may cause dramatic positive feedback to climate change, which is important and necessary to be integrated into climate change models.
Project description:Custom made functional gene micoarray (E-FGA) consisting of 13,056 mRNA-enriched anonymus microbial clones from dirverse microbial communities to profile microbial gene transcript in agricultural soils with low and high flux of N2O. A total of 96 genes displayed expression that differed significantly between low and high N2O emitting soils. Creation and validation of an cDNA microarray from environmental microbial mRNA, to use as a monitoring tool for microbial gene expression Microbial expression profiles comparing two high N2O-emitting sites (3 soil replicates and microarrays each) and two low N2O-emitting sites (3 soil replicates and microarray each) from sugarcane site in Mackay, Australia
Project description:Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis a disease endemic in South-East Asia and Northern Australia. The mortality rates in these areas are unacceptably high even with antibiotic treatment, attributed to intrinsic and acquired resistance of B. pseudomallei to antibiotics. With very few options for therapeutics there is an urgent requirement to identify anti-bacterial targets for the development of novel, effective treatments. In this study we examine the role and effect of ppiB on the proteome. Using LFQ analysis we show loss of ppiB has dramatic effect on the Burkholderia pseudomallei proteome.
Project description:Microbial decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) in Arctic permafrost is one of the most important, but poorly understood, factors in determining the greenhouse gas feedback of tundra ecosystems to climate. Here, we examine changes in the structure of microbial communities in an anoxic incubation experiment at either –2 or 8 °C for up to 122 days using both an organic and a mineral soil collected from the Barrow Environmental Observatory in northern Alaska, USA. Soils were characterized for SOC and geochemistry, and GeoChips 5.0 were used to determine microbial community structure and functional genes associated with C availability and Fe(III) reduction.
Project description:Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei are both potential biological threats agents. Melioidosis caused by B. pseudomallei is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, while glanders caused by B. mallei infections are rare. Here we studied the proteomes of different B. mallei and B. pseudomallei isolates to determine species specific characteristics. Analyzing the expressed proteomes of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei revealed differences between B. mallei and B. pseudomallei but also between isolates from the same species. Expression of multiple virulence factors and proteins of several PKS/NRPS clusters was demonstrated. Proteome analysis can be used not only to identify bacteria but also to characterize the expression of important factors that putatively contribute to pathogenesis of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei.
Project description:Colorectal cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, with variable molecular pathogenesis, involving multiple genomic and epigenetic alterations. Despite the significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially for countries in Northern America and Europe, as also in New Zealand & Australia. In this direction, the introduction of gene expression signatures derived from multiple layers of molecular & clinical dissection, may resolve the problems of heterogeneity and improve robust disease stratification We used microarrays to monitor the global gene expression alterations of primary adenocarcinomas and matched normal samples from each patient, to unravel the critical biological processes that are involved in CRC progression
Project description:Colorectal cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, with variable molecular pathogenesis, involving multiple genomic and epigenetic alterations. Despite the significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially for countries in Northern America and Europe, as also in New Zealand & Australia. In this direction, the introduction of gene expression signatures derived from multiple layers of molecular & clinical dissection, may resolve the problems of heterogeneity and improve robust disease stratification. We used microarrays to monitor the global gene expression alterations of primary adenocarcinomas and matched normal samples from each patient, to unravel the critical biological processes that are involved in CRC progression.