Project description:The current study re-defines a method to reveal bioactive compounds from the crude extracts of Malaysian red seaweed Gracilaria edulis, having promising antibacterial activities against selected bacterial species. Three species of Gram-positive and - negative characters were remarkably inhibited by the sequential and direct extracts of ethyl acetate and acetone. These were further separated through chromatographic methods to reveal a plethora of chemical constituents to be considered for a downstream virtual screening against selected crucial proteins of the six bacteria.
Project description:Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are complex photosynthetic organisms with a very different evolutionary history to green plants, to which they are only distantly related. These seaweeds are the dominant species in rocky coastal ecosystems and they exhibit many interesting adaptations to these, often harsh, environments. The brown algae are also important because they are one of only a very small number of eukaryotic lineages that have evolved complex multicellularity. This work used whole genome tiling array approach to generate a comprehensive transcriptome map of the filamentous seaweed Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye, a model organism for the brown algae. Keywords: high-resolution tiling array, brown algae, ectocarpus
Project description:Comparative-genomic studies have reported widespread variation in levels of gene expression within and between species. In the vast majority of cases, the phenotypic and evolutionary relevance of regulatory change is unknown. We haveu sed a wild Malaysian population of S. cerevisiae as a testbed in the search to identify organismal correlates of regulatory variation. Malaysian yeast, when cultured in standard medium, activated regulatory programs that protect cells from the toxic effects of high iron. Analysis of differential gene expression between three Malaysian and two Wine/European isolates and allele-specific expression within three Malaysian x Wine/European hybrids.
Project description:Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are complex photosynthetic organisms with a very different evolutionary history to green plants, to which they are only distantly related. These seaweeds are the dominant species in rocky coastal ecosystems and they exhibit many interesting adaptations to these, often harsh, environments. The brown algae are also important because they are one of only a very small number of eukaryotic lineages that have evolved complex multicellularity. This work used whole genome tiling array approach to generate a comprehensive transcriptome map of the filamentous seaweed Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye, a model organism for the brown algae. Keywords: high-resolution tiling array, brown algae, ectocarpus The slides were hybridised with two, labelled samples: 1) a mixture of labelled cDNA corresponding to RNA samples from mature sporophytes and gametophytes and from immature sporophytes stressed either in high salt medium or by addition of hydrogen peroxide and 2) genomic DNA as a control.
Project description:Comparative-genomic studies have reported widespread variation in levels of gene expression within and between species. In the vast majority of cases, the phenotypic and evolutionary relevance of regulatory change is unknown. We haveu sed a wild Malaysian population of S. cerevisiae as a testbed in the search to identify organismal correlates of regulatory variation. Malaysian yeast, when cultured in standard medium, activated regulatory programs that protect cells from the toxic effects of high iron.
Project description:This study aimed at providing insights into the hypothesized functional link between olfactory sensing of the spawning ground and final sexual maturation. We have therefore assessed the presence and expression levels of olfactory genes by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of the olfactory rosettes in homing chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum from the coastal sea to 75 km upstream the rivers at the pre-spawning ground. RNAseq revealed the expression of 75 known and 27 unknown salmonid olfactory genes of which 13 genes were differentially expressed between fish from the pre-spawning area and from the coastal area, suggesting an important role of these genes in homing. Olfactomedins and ependymin are candidates among the differentially expressed genes that may connect olfactory reception to the expression of sgnrh to regulate final maturation. Deep-sequencing transcriptome analysis of twelve chum salmon olfactory rosette RNA samples: three females and three males from the pre-spawning area and three females and three males from the coastal area.
Project description:Analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples may give information of the identity of unattached (planktonic) subgingival bacteria, the 35 forefront candidates for systemic dispersal via ulcerated periodontal pocket epithelium. Our study represents the first one targeting the identity of bacteria in gingival crevicular fluid. Methodology/Principal findings: We determined bacterial species diversity in GCF samples of a group of periodontitis patients and delineated contributing bacterial and host-associated factors. Subgingival paper point (PP) samples from the same sites were taken for comparison. After DNA extraction, 16S rRNA genes were PCR amplified and DNA-DNA hybridization was performed using a microarray for over 300 bacterial species or groups. Altogether 133 species from 41 genera and 8 phyla 45 were detected with 9 to 62 and 18 to 64 species in GCF and PP samples, respectively, 46 per patient. Projection to latent structures by means of partial least squares (PLS) was applied to the multivariate data analysis. PLS regression analysis showed that species of genera including Campylobacter, Selenomonas, Porphyromonas, Catonella, Tannerella, Dialister, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus and Eubacterium had significant positive correlations and the number of teeth with low-grade attachment loss a significant negative correlation to species diversity in GCF samples. OPLS/O2PLS discriminant analysis revealed significant positive correlations to GCF sample group membership for species of genera Campylobacter, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, Dialister, Tannerella, Haemophilus, Fusobacterium, Eubacterium, and Actinomyces. Conclusions/Significance: Among a variety of detected species those traditionally classified as Gram-negative anaerobes growing in mature subgingival biofilms were the main predictors for species diversity in GCF samples as well as responsible for distinguishing GCF samples from PP samples. GCF bacteria may provide new prospects for studying dynamic properties of subgingival biofilms. The microbial profiles of GCF and subgingival plaque were analyzed from 17 subjects with periodontal disease.