Changes in rumen fermentation and transcriptomes of liver tissue in Holstein cows with and those without subacute ruminal acidosis during the periparturient period
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PROVIDER: PRJNA601640 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:We investigated changes in rumen fermentation, peripheral blood metabolites and hormones, and hepatic transcriptomic dynamics in Holstein cows with and those without subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) during the periparturient period.
2020-01-17 | GSE143765 | GEO
Project description:The effects of anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibody on ruminal fermentation, LPS activity, and liver transcriptomes were investigated during the subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge.
2020-05-15 | GSE150553 | GEO
Project description:Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a metabolic disease in high-producing dairy cattle, and is accompanied by rumenitis. However, the mechanism of rumenitis remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of rumenitis in dairy cows with SARA.The results showed that SARA cows displayed high concentrations of ruminal volatile fatty acids, lactic acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, the blood concentrations of LPS and acute phase proteins haptoglobin, serum amyloid-A, and LPS binding protein were significantly higher in SARA cows than in control cows. Importantly, the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-?B) p65, inhibitor of NF-?B (I?B), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were significantly higher in the rumen epithelium of SARA cows than those of control cows. The ruminal mRNA and protein levels of NF-?B- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)s -regulated inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1? (IL-1?), were markedly higher in SARA cows than in control cows. Similarly, serum concentrations of TNF-? and IL-6 were also significantly higher in SARA cows.These results indicate that SARA results in high concentration of ruminal LPS, which over activates the NF-?B and MAPKs inflammatory pathways and then significantly increases the expression and synthesis of pro-inflammation cytokines in the rumen epithelium, thereby partly inducing rumenitis.
| S-EPMC5909223 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Periparturient cows rely on adipose tissue fatty acid reserves released by lipolysis to offset the negative energy balance induced by physiological changes related to parturition and the onset of lactation. However, lipolysis causes inflammation and structural remodeling in excess predisposes cows to disease. The objective of this study was to determine effects of the periparturient period on the transcriptomic profile of AT using NGS RNAseq
2020-10-09 | GSE159224 | GEO
Project description:This study aimed at evaluating the global gene expression of blood-derived neutrophils from periparturient cows. Blood was collected from Holstein Friesian periparturient cows (N=3) at −14 d relative to expected calving date and 7 d relative to actual calving date. Neutrophils were isolated and subsequently used for transcriptional profiling using the Agilent bovine (v2) 4 × 44 K array. Calculation of fold change in gene expression and pathway analysis was conducted using the GeneSpring GX software 13.0. Periparturient period impacted global gene expression and resulted in 249 genes that were differentially expressed (FC≥2, p<0.05.); 162 were upregulated post-calving 87 of these were downregulated. Genes that code for proinflammatory receptors (CD58, GLRX3), chemokines (CMKLR1), and transcriptional regulation (MTA) were upregulated. Concurrently, genes that code for cellular adhesion and migration (ADRM1 and THY1), and immune induction (CATHL2) and homeostasis were downregulated gene. Pathway analysis revealed that 118 pathways are affected in bovine neutrophils during the periparturient period (p<0.05). These pathways included the Wnt signaling, one carbon Metabolism, TLR, inflammation response, Oxidative Stress, T-Cell Receptor signaling, adipogenesis, and MAPK Signaling Pathways.
2019-04-12 | GSE129639 | GEO
Project description:Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) negatively impacts the dairy industry by decreasing dry matter intake, milk production, profitability, and increasing culling rate and death loss. Six ruminally cannulated, lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated incomplete Latin square design to determine the effects of SARA induction on the ruminal microbiome and epithelium. Experimental periods were 10 days with days 1-3 for ad libitum intake of control diet, followed by 50% feed restriction on day 4, and ad libitum access on day 5 to the basal diet or the basal diet with an additional 10% of a 50:50 wheat/barley pellet. Based on subsequent ruminal pH, cows were grouped (SARA grouping; SG) as Non-SARA or SARA based on time <5.6 pH (0 and 3.4 h, respectively). Ruminal samples were collected on days 1 and 6 of each period prior to feeding and separated into liquid and solid fractions. Microbial DNA was extracted for bacterial analysis using 16S rRNA gene paired-end sequencing on the MiSeq Illumina platform and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Ruminal epithelium biopsies were taken on days 1 and 6 before feeding. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine gene expression in rumen epithelium. Bray-Curtis similarity indicated samples within the liquid fraction separated by day and coincided with an increased relative abundance of genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus on day 6 (P < 0.06). Although Firmicutes was the predominant phyla in the solid fraction, a SG × day interaction (P < 0.01) indicated a decrease on day 6 for SARA cows. In contrast, phylum Bacteroidetes increased on day 6 (P < 0.01) for SARA cows driven by greater genera Prevotella and YRC22 (P < 0.01). Streptococcus bovis and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens populations tended to increase on day 6 but were not affected by SG. In ruminal epithelium, CLDN1 and CLDN4 expression increased on day 6 (P < 0.03) 24 h after SARA induction and a tendency for a SG × day interaction (P < 0.10) was observed for CLDN4. Overall, results indicate more rapid adaptation to an induced bout of SARA in the solid fraction ruminal microbiome compared with ruminal epithelium.
| S-EPMC4870271 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) represents one of the most important digestive disorders in intensive dairy farms, and dairy cows are individually different in the severity of SARA risk. The objectives of the current study were to investigate differences in the ruminal bacterial community and metabolome in dairy cattle with different susceptibility to SARA. In the present study, 12 cows were initially enrolled in the experiment. Based on average ruminal pH, 4 cows with the lowest ruminal pH were assigned to the susceptible group (SUS, pH = 5.76, n = 4) and 4 cows with the highest ruminal pH assigned to the tolerant group (TOL, pH = 6.10, n = 4). Rumen contents from susceptible (SUS, n = 4) and tolerant (TOL, n = 4) dairy cows were collected through rumen fistula to systematically reveal the rumen microbial and metabolic alterations of dairy cows with different susceptibility to SARA using multi-omics approaches (16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolome). The results showed that despite being fed the same diet, SUS cows had lower ruminal pH and higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and propionate than TOL cows (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in dry matter intake, milk yield, and other milk compositions between the SUS and TOL groups (P > 0.05). The principal coordinates analysis based on the analysis of molecular variance indicated a significant difference in bacterial composition between the two groups (P = 0.01). More specifically, the relative abundance of starch-degrading bacteria (Prevotella spp.) was greater (P < 0.05), while the proportion of fiber-degrading bacteria (unclassified Ruminococcaceae spp., Ruminococcus spp., Papillibacter, and unclassified Family_XIII) was lower in the rumen of SUS cows compared with TOL cows (P < 0.05). Community analysis of protozoa showed that there were no significant differences in the diversity, richness, and community structure (P > 0.05). Metabolomics analysis revealed that the concentrations of organic acids (such as lactic acid), biogenic amines (such as histamine), and bacterial degradation products (such as hypoxanthine) were significantly higher in the SUS group compared to the TOL group (P < 0.05). These findings revealed that the higher proportion of starch-degrading bacteria/lower fiber-degrading bacteria in the rumen of SUS cows resulted in higher VFA-producing capacity, in particular propionate. This caused a disruption in metabolic homeostasis in the rumen which might be the reason for the higher susceptibility to SARA. Overall, these findings enhanced our understanding of the ruminal microbiome and metabolic changes in cows susceptible to SARA.
| S-EPMC8718735 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We evaluated the clinical aspects and feeding behavior of cattle with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) caused by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Ten healthy Nelore heifers were subjected to an adjusted SARA induction protocol using citrus pulp (CP). Clinical examinations were performed at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 h intervals after induction, with ruminal fluid, blood, and feces sampling. The animals' feeding behavior was evaluated on, before, and for 3 days after SARA by observing the animals every 5 min for 24 h. The dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily. The ruminal pH during SARA was always lower than baseline, with an acidotic duration of 547 ± 215 min, a minimum pH of 5.38 ± 0.16, and an average pH of 5.62 ± 0.1. SARA was mainly caused by SCFAs (maximum 118.4 ± 9.3 mmol/L), with the production of l-lactic acids (7.17 mmol/L) and d-lactic acids (0.56 mmol/L) 6 h after the experiment began. The DMI was reduced by 66% and 48% on days 1 and 2, respectively, and returned to normal levels on day 3. SARA caused a reduction in feed intake and rumination time, as well as an increase in the time spent in decubitus on days 1 and 2. These results were influenced by the ruminal pH, ruminal movement, and osmolarity. Furthermore, SARA caused different degrees of depression, which became more pronounced with higher ruminal lactic acid concentrations.
| S-EPMC7824239 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ruminal microbiota changes frequently with high grain diets and the occurrence of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). A grain-induced goat model of SARA, with durations of a significant decrease in the rumen pH value to less than 5.6 and an increase in the rumen lipopolysaccharides concentration, is constructed for real-time monitoring of bacteria alteration. Using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, significant bacterial differences between goats from the SARA and healthy groups are identified at every hour for six continuous hours after feeding. Moreover, 29 common differential genera between two groups over 6 h after feeding are all related to the altered pH and lipopolysaccharides. Transplanting the microbiota from donor goats with SARA could induce colonic inflammation in antibiotic-pretreated mice. Overall, significant differences in the bacterial community and rumen fermentation pattern between the healthy and SARA dairy goats are real-time monitored, and then tested using ruminal microbe transplantation to antibiotic-treated mice.
| S-EPMC8121909 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on the bacteria in rumen fluid, cecal digesta, and feces of dairy cows were determined using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and real-time quantitative PCR. Six non-lactating Holstein cows with cannulas in the rumen and cecum were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square arrangement of treatments. During the first 3 wk of each experimental period, cows received a control diet containing 70% forages on a dry matter (DM) basis. In wk 4 of each period, cows received one of three diets: (1) the control diet; (2) a diet in which 34% of the dietary DM was replaced with pellets of ground wheat and barley (GBSC); or (3) a diet in which 37% of dietary DM was replaced with pellets of ground alfalfa (APSC). Rumen fluid, cecal digesta and feces were collected on d 5 of wk 4 of each period and the composition of the bacterial community was studied. Rumen fermentation responses were reported in a companion study. Both SARA-inducing challenges resulted in similar digesta pH depressions (as shown by the companion study), and reduced bacterial richness and diversity in rumen fluid, but GBSC had the larger effect. None of the challenges affected these measures in cecal digesta, and only GBSC reduced bacterial richness and diversity in feces. Only GBSC reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes in rumen fluid. Abundances of limited number of bacterial genera identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in the rumen, cecum and feces were affected by the GBSC. The APSC did not affect any of these abundances. Both challenges increased the abundances of several starch, pectin, xylan, dextrin, lactate, succinate, and sugar fermenting bacterial species in the rumen, cecum, and feces as determined by qPCR. Only GBSC increased that of Megasphaera elsdenii in the rumen. Both challenges decreased the abundance of Streptococcus bovis, and increased that of Escherichia coli, in cecal digesta and feces, with GBSC having the larger effect. These results showed that the SARA challenges caused moderate and reversible changes of the composition of the bacteria in the foregut and hindgut, with the greater changes observed during GBSC.
| S-EPMC5265141 | biostudies-literature