Development of Next-generation Tumor-homing Induced Neural Stem Cells to Enhance Treatment of Metastatic Cancers
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PROVIDER: PRJNA660639 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Engineered tumor-homing neural stem cells (NSCs) have shown promise in treating cancer. Recently, we transdifferentiated skin fibroblasts into tumor-homing early-stage human induced NSCs (hiNSC) as personalized NSC drug carriers. Here, using a SOX2 and spheroidal culture-based reprogramming strategy, we generated a new hiNSC variant, hiNeuroS, that were genetically distinct from fibroblasts and first-generation hiNSCs and possessed significantly enhanced tumor-homing and anti-tumor properties. To understand the transcriptomic profile of cells during our sphere-based generation of hiNeuroS, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The results showed that, while some of the hiNeuroS cells shared a similar trajectory states with the fibroblasts, there was a unique cell group at the far end of hiNeuroS trajectory towards the latest pseudotime, and suggested our new sphere-based culture methods generate hiNeuroS that are a genetically distinct NSC sub-populations that expresses tumor-homing pathways at levels greater than hiNSC.
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Project description:Metastatic cell homing is a complex process mediated in part by diffusible factors secreted from immune cells found at a pre-metastatic niche. We report on connecting together secretomics and a TRanscriptional Activity CEll aRray (TRACER) to identify functional paracrine interactions between immune cells and metastatic cells as novel mediators of metastatic cell homing. Splenocytes from orthotopic mouse models of breast cancer were isolated to generate a diseased splenocyte conditioned media (D-SCM) containing immune cell secreted factors. MDA-MB-231 metastatic cell activity including cell invasion, migration, transendothelial migration, and proliferation were increased when cultured with D-SCM compared to healthy SCM (H-SCM) and unconditioned media controls. Our secretome analysis of D-SCM yielded secreted factor candidates that contribute to increased metastatic cell activity. In parallel, we identified active TFs within metastatic cells in response to the secreted factors using TRACER. We connected both data sets using MetaCore software to determine interactions between immune cell secreted factors and active metastatic cell TFs to narrow down functional secreted factor candidates that mediate metastatic cell homing. Haptoglobin was among the list of secreted factors and was validated in vitro as a key mediator of metastatic cell recruitment. Furthermore, we designed an implantable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) biomaterial scaffold as a mimic of the pre-metastatic niche to slowly release haptoglobin and demonstrate increased homing of metastatic cells to the scaffold in vivo. Taken together, our studies demonstrate a novel systems biology technique to identify functional paracrine signaling factors, which were validated to reveal mediators of metastatic cell homing.
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Project description:Resistance to endocrine treatments and CDK4/6 inhibitors is considered a near-inevitability in most patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancers (ER + BC). By genomic and metabolomics analyses of patients' tumours, metastasis-derived patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and isogenic cell lines we demonstrate that a fraction of metastatic ER + BC is highly reliant on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Treatment by the OXPHOS inhibitor IACS-010759 strongly inhibits tumour growth in multiple endocrine and palbociclib resistant PDX. Mutations in the PIK3CA/AKT1 genes are significantly associated with response to IACS-010759. At the metabolic level, in vivo response to IACS-010759 is associated with decreased levels of metabolites of the glutathione, glycogen and pentose phosphate pathways in treated tumours. In vitro, endocrine and palbociclib resistant cells show increased OXPHOS dependency and increased ROS levels upon IACS-010759 treatment. Finally, in ER + BC patients, high expression of OXPHOS associated genes predict poor prognosis. In conclusion, these results identify OXPHOS as a promising target for treatment resistant ER + BC patients.
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Project description:Oral cancer patients experience pain at the site of the primary cancer. Patients with metastatic oral cancers report greater pain. Lack of pain identifies patients at low risk of metastasis with sensitivity = 0.94 and negative predictive value = 0.89. In the same cohort, sensitivity and negative predictive value of depth of invasion, currently the best predictor, were 0.95 and 0.92, respectively. Cancer pain is attributed to cancer-derived mediators that sensitize neurons and is associated with increased neuronal density. We hypothesized that pain mediators would be overexpressed in metastatic cancers from patients reporting high pain. We identified 40 genes overexpressed in metastatic cancers from patients reporting high pain (n=5) compared to N0 cancers (n=10) and normal tissue (n=5). The genes are enriched for functions in extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis. They have oncogenic and neuronal functions and are reported in exosomes. Hierarchical clustering according to expression of neurotrophic and axon guidance genes also separated cancers according to pain and nodal status. Depletion of exosomes from cancer cell line supernatant reduced nociceptive behavior in a paw withdrawal assay, supporting a role for exosomes in cancer pain. The identified genes and exosomes are potential therapeutic targets for stopping cancer and attenuating pain.
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