Unraveling mitochondrial piRNAs in mouse embryonic gonadal cells
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PROVIDER: PRJNA743084 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Although mitochondria are widely studied organelles, the recent interest in the role of mitochondrial small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) is providing new functional perspectives in germ cell development and differentiation. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are single-stranded sncRNAs of 20-35 nt generated from the processing of pre-piRNAs longer molecules to be functionally bound to PIWI proteins. Initially ascribed to germ cells, as protectors against transposons, we now know that they are also expressed in somatic cells. In mammals, germ cells differentiate at early stages of embryonic development in the primitive gonads as primordial germ cells (PGCs), initiating divergent pathways in both sexes, accompanied by somatic cells (SCs) of the ovary or testis. Previously, we identified mitochondrial piRNAs (mito-piRNAs) in mouse germ and somatic cells. However, a comparative analysis of mito-piRNAs between PGCs and SCs, between sexes and during early gonadal development has not been performed. We leverage NGS data obtained from PGCs and SCs purified from early differentiating embryonic ovaries and testis from E11.5 to E13.5. Using bioinformatic tools, here we unravel: the origin (from nuclear or mitochondrial genome), the levels of expression, the potential role of mito-piRNAs, as well as their association with genomic regions encoding other sncRNAs (such as tRNAs and rRNAs) and the mitochondrial regulatory region (D-loop). Finally, our results indicate nucleo-mitochondrial communication at both anterograde and retrograde signaling, mediated by mito-piRNAs.
2021-07-01 | GSE179299 | GEO
Project description:We adapted oxidation treatment for the identification of methylated small RNAs, which is an identifiable feature for piRNAs in animal kingdom. Upon obtaining piRNA candidates at blastodermal cells, E7 cultured primordial germ cells (PGCs), E11 gonads, and E14 gonads, we are able to compare and contrast PIWI/piRNA pathway regulation in different germ cell development stages, that include pre-migratory PGCs, PGCs, pro-spermatogonia, and spermatogonia. We found dramatic changes in piRNA features. include length distribution, secondary piRNA features, and genomic association between blastodermal cell piRNAs and embryonic gonadal piRNAs. Such observation reflect stage-dependent transcriptions in piRNA clusters and also imply stage-depndent transcriptional regulation.
2018-05-21 | GSE98005 | GEO
Project description:piRNAs are small non-coding RNAs known to play a main role in defence against transposable elements in germ cells. However, other potential functions, such as biogenesis and differences in somatic and germline expression of these regulatory elements, are not yet fully unravelled. Here, we analysed a variety of piRNA sequences detected in mouse male and female primordial germ cells (PGCs) and gonadal somatic cells at crucial stages during embryonic differentiation of germ cells (11.5-13.5 days post-coitum). NGS of sncRNA and bioinformatic characterization of piRNAs from PGCs and somatic cells, in addition to piRNAs associated with TEs, indicated functional diversification in both cell types. Differences in the proportion of the diverse types of piRNAs are detected between somatic and germline during development. However, the global diversified patterns of piRNA expression are mainly shared between germ and somatic cells, we identified piRNAs related with molecules involved in ribosome components and translation pathway, including piRNAs derived from rRNA (34%), tRNA (10%) and snoRNA (8%). piRNAs from both tRNA and snoRNA are mainly derived from 3' and 5' end regions. These connections between piRNAs and rRNAs, tRNAs or snoRNAs suggest important functions of specialized piRNAs in translation regulation during this window of gonadal development.
| S-EPMC7549708 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The piRNA pathway controls transposon expression in animal germ cells, thereby ensuring genome stability over generations. piRNAs are maternally deposited and required for proper transposon silencing in adult offspring. However, a long-standing question in the field is the precise function of maternally deposited piRNAs and its associated factors during embryogenesis. Here, we probe the spatio-temporal expression patterns of several piRNA pathway components during early stages of development. Amongst those, factors required for transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) showed ubiquitous abundance in somatic and pole cells throughout the first half of embryogenesis. We further analysed the transcriptomes of various embryo stages and correlated these with the presence of selected chromatin marks. We found that a number of transposon families show bursts of transcription during early embryonic stages. Transposons heavily targeted by maternally deposited piRNAs accumulated repressive chromatin marks following their spike in expression. Furthermore, depletion of maternally deposited Piwi protein in early embryos resulted in increased expression of transposons targeted by inherited piRNAs and was accompanied by a strong loss of repressive chromatin marks at coding sequences. Overall, our data suggests a pivotal role for the piRNA pathway in transposon defence during Drosophila embryogenesis in somatic cells.
2021-07-26 | PXD022409 | Pride
Project description:The unraveling of heterogenous cell populations, — previously masked in bulk transcriptome measurements — are made possible through analysis of single-cell transcriptomics. The goals of this study are to examine single-cell NGS-derived gonadal cell transcriptome profiling and to evaluate heterogeneity of gonadal germ cells in avian species. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing using embryonic gonadal cells of HH stage 28 from male and female zebra finches. We identified 12,489 male transcripts and 10,046 female transcripts. We annotated 9 different cell types from a total of 20 clustered single cells and identified that primordial germ cells, which have been considered as single population, can be distinguishable into three subtypes. The three PGC subtypes were specifically enriched for genes with expression patterns related to germness or pluripotency, suggesting functional differences in PGCs according to the three subtypes. Our study represents the first single-cell RNA seq analysis of gonadal transcriptomes in zebra finch. Our results revealed the first heterogeneity and intrinsic changes of gonadal primordial germ cells, which have hitherto been considered as a single population in avian species. We conclude that single-cell RNA seq based transcriptome analysis would offers new perspectives on avian primordial germ cells.
2021-12-13 | GSE177478 | GEO
Project description:In metazoan gonads, transposable elements (TEs) mobilization is limited by PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). These small RNAs originate from specific source loci, the piRNA clusters. piRNAs are known to silence TEs in the cells where they are produced. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), a subclass of TEs, pose a particular threat because they are capable of transiting from cell to cell. In this study, we reveal that piRNAs produced locally in germ cells counteract invasion by ERVs arriving from adjacent somatic cells. We reactivated the Drosophila ERVZAMin somatic gonadal cells by deleting, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, its single copy in the somaticflamencopiRNA cluster, while keeping the piRNA pathway fully functional. Upon reactivation,ZAMinvaded the oocytes, resulting in transposition and severe fertility defects. We show that onceZAM-piRNAs are produced in germ cells they counter the invasion. Our study sheds new light on the mechanisms of recognition and regulation of invasive genetic elements, which is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity.
2023-08-25 | GSE235966 | GEO
Project description:In metazoan gonads, transposable elements (TEs) mobilization is limited by PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). These small RNAs originate from specific source loci, the piRNA clusters. piRNAs are known to silence TEs in the cells where they are produced. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), a subclass of TEs, pose a particular threat because they are capable of transiting from cell to cell. In this study, we reveal that piRNAs produced locally in germ cells counteract invasion by ERVs arriving from adjacent somatic cells. We reactivated the Drosophila ERV ZAM in somatic gonadal cells by deleting, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, its single copy in the somatic flamenco piRNA cluster, while keeping the piRNA pathway fully functional. Upon reactivation, ZAM invaded the oocytes, resulting in transposition and severe fertility defects. We show that once ZAM-piRNAs are produced in germ cells they counter the invasion. Our study sheds new light on the mechanisms of recognition and regulation of invasive genetic elements, which is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity.
2022-09-30 | GSE213368 | GEO
Project description:In metazoan gonads, transposable elements (TEs) mobilization is limited by PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). These small RNAs originate from specific source loci, the piRNA clusters. piRNAs are known to silence TEs in the cells where they are produced. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), a subclass of TEs, pose a particular threat because they are capable of transiting from cell to cell. In this study, we reveal that piRNAs produced locally in germ cells counteract invasion by ERVs arriving from adjacent somatic cells. We reactivated the Drosophila ERV ZAM in somatic gonadal cells by deleting, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, its single copy in the somatic flamenco piRNA cluster, while keeping the piRNA pathway fully functional. Upon reactivation, ZAM invaded the oocytes, resulting in transposition and severe fertility defects. We show that once ZAM-piRNAs are produced in germ cells they counter the invasion. Our study sheds new light on the mechanisms of recognition and regulation of invasive genetic elements, which is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity.
2022-09-30 | GSE213456 | GEO
Project description:The nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 (NR5A1), encoding steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), has been identified as a critical factor in gonadal development in animal studies. A previous study of ours suggested that upregulation of NR5A1 during early gonadal differentiation in male (46,XY) human pluripotent stem cells steers the cells into a more mature gonadal cell type. However, the detailed role of NR5A1 in female gonadal differentiation has yet to be determined. In this study, by combining the processes of gonadal differentiation and conditional gene activation, we show that NR5A1 induction predominantly upregulates the female gonadal marker inhibin subunit α (INHA) and steroidogenic markers steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (CYP11A1), cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 (CYP17A1), hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B2) and hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1 (HSD17B1). In contrast, NR5A1 induction did not seem to affect the bipotential gonadal markers gata binding protein 4 (GATA4) and Wilms tumour suppressor 1 (WT1) nor the female gonadal markers r-spondin 1 (RSPO1) and wnt family member 4 (WNT4). Differentially expressed genes were highly associated with adrenal and ovarian steroidogenesis pathways. Moreover, time-series analysis revealed different dynamic changes between male and female -induced samples, where continuously upregulated genes in female gonadal differentiation were mostly associated with adrenal steroidogenesis. Thus, in contrast to male gonadal differentiation, NR5A1 is necessary but not sufficient to steer human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived bipotential gonadal-like cells towards a more mature somatic, female cell fate. Instead, it seems to direct bipotential gonadal-like cells more towards a steroidogenic-like cell population. The information obtained in this study helps in elucidating the role of NR5A1 in gonadal differentiation of a female stem cell line.
2023-09-27 | GSE236653 | GEO
Project description:Mammalian gonadal sex determination is dependent on proper expression of sex determining genes in fetal gonadal somatic support cells (i.e., pre-granulosa and pre-Sertoli cells in XX and XY gonads, resp.). We used a unique transgenic mouse strain combined with microarray profiling to identify all the differentially expressed transcripts in XX and XY isolated somatic support cells during critical stages of gonadal development and differentiation. Experiment Overall Design: XX and XY somatic support cells (SSC) were isolated by flow cytometry from embryonic day (E) 11.5 and E12.5 mouse gonads. Total RNA was isolated from pools of isolated cells; 3 pools per sex and each timepoint.
2009-11-13 | E-GEOD-18211 | biostudies-arrayexpress