Genome-wide miCLIP-Seq reveals methylation targets and RNA interactome of human NOP2/NSUN1
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA780010 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is a base modification broadly found on a variety on coding and non-coding RNAs in the human transcriptome. In eukaryotes m5C is catalyzed by enzymes of the NOL1/NOP2/SUN domain (NSUN) family, which is composed of seven members in humans (NSUN1-7). NOP2/NSUN1, a member of this family, has been mostly characterized in budding yeast as an essential ribosome biogenesis factor required for the deposition of m5C at position C2870 of the 25S rRNA. Although human NOP2/NSUN1 has been known to be an oncogene overexpressed in several types of cancer for decades, its functions remain poorly characterized. To better define the roles of NOP2/NSUN1 in human cells, we used an adapted genome-wide methylation of individual-nucleotide-resolution crosslinking and immunoprecipitation-sequencing (miCLIP-seq) approach to identify its RNA methylation targets. Our analysis revealed that vault RNA 1.2 (vtRNA1.2) and 28S rRNA are NOP2/NSUN1-specific methylated targets. In addition, NOP2/NSUN1 predominantly binds to rRNA, followed by C/D box snoRNA, and other ncRNAs. Together, our data provided a genome-wide spectrum of NOP2/NSUN1 binding RNA and methylated target RNA for understanding the function of human NOP2/NSUN1.
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Project description:Aberrant post-transcriptional methylation is implicated in a wide range of human diseases, yet the specific enzymes responsible for site- and substrate-specific methylation remain largely unknown. Here, we use our recently developed catalysis-dependent RIP sequencing approach (miCLIP) and RNA bisulfite sequencing to map C5-methylcytosine (m5C) in the human transcriptome. We identified two novel m5C methylases NSun3 and NSun6, both of which have strong substrate specificity. In contrast to the previously characterized NSun2, which displays some preference to methylating transfer RNAs (tRNA), NSun6 predominantly targeted 3’ UTRs of messenger RNAs (mRNA), and NSun3 mainly methylated mitochondrial RNAs (mtRNA). Consistent with the miCLIP-predicted RNA target specificity, whole exome sequencing identified NSUN3 loss-of-function mutations in a patient presenting with combined respiratory chain complex deficiency. Functional studies of the patient fibroblast cell line revealed that loss of the NSun3 protein resulted in severe mitochondrial translation defects, which were rescued by expression of wild-type NSun3. In summary, our results reveal how highly conserved NSun m5C methylases partition their substrate specificities to remodel the sequences of particular ribonucleotide classes.
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Project description:To identify m6A sites on endogenous nuclear RNAs, we performed miCLIP to identify m6A sites in PANC-1 cells. To identify NKAP binding sites on endogenous nuclear RNAs, we performed iCLIP for flag-tag NKAP to analyze the nuclear RNA binding with NKAP in the same cells.
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Project description:Protein methylation has been implicated in many important biological contexts including signaling, metabolism, and transcriptional control. Despite the importance of this post- translational modification, the global analysis of protein methylation by mass spectrometry-based proteomics has not been extensively studied due to the lack of robust, well-characterized techniques for methyl-peptidemethyl peptide enrichment. Here, to better investigate protein methylation, we optimized and compared two methods for methyl-peptidemethyl peptide enrichment: immunoaffinity purification (IAP) and high pH strong cation exchange (SCX). Comparison of these methods revealed that they are largely orthogonal for monomethyl arginine (MMA), suggesting that the usage of both techniques is required to provide a global view of protein methylation. Using both IAP and SCX, we investigated changes in protein methylation downstream of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). Together, these techniques allowed us to quantify over ~1,000 arginine methylation sites on 407 proteins. Of these methylation sites, PRMT1 knockdown resulted in significant changes to 110 arginine methylation sites on 59 proteins. In contrast, zero lysine methylation sites were significantly changed upon PRMT1 knockdown. In PRMT1 knockdown cells, 24 MMA sites exhibited both significant downregulation (ie, putative PRMT1-mediated MMA targets) and 63 significant upregulation (ie, putative PRMT1-mediated ADMA targets). PRMT1 knockdown induced significant changes in asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), consistent with being PRMT1 targets. Additionally, We also observed that PRMT1 knockdown induced significant increases in symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA) methylation, suggesting that loss of PRMT1 activity allows scavenging of PRMT1 substrates by Type II PRMTs. Analysis of the subcellular localization and protein function of the significantly changing methyl-proteins revealed that the majority of PRMT1 substrates are localized to the nucleus and involved in RNA and DNA binding. Taken together, our results suggest that deep protein methylation profiling by mass spectrometry requires orthogonal enrichment techniques, identify novel PRMT1 methylation targets, and highlight in order to understand the dynamic interplay between methyltransferases in mammalian cells.
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Project description:We employed miCLIP-seq to profile the location and extent of m6A in the Poly(A)+ transcriptome. Skin epithelial cells were isolated from wild-type P0 neonates by FACS. Total RNA was extracted by TRIzol-LS and Poly(A)+ RNA was extracted with Dynabeads™ mRNA Purification Kit (Thermo-Fisher, 61006). Input and miCLIP libraries was prepared from 3 biological replicates with each containing RNA isolated from 3 litters of neonates. Libraries were sequenced on the Illumina Hi-seq platform to generate paired-ended 50 bp reads. Sequencing data was processed as described in (Geula et al., 2015).
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Project description:Autosomal-recessive loss of the NSUN2 gene has been recently identified as a causative link to intellectual disability disorders in humans. NSun2 is an RNA methyltransferase modifying cytosine-5 in transfer RNAs (tRNA). Whether NSun2 methylates additional RNA species is currently debated. Here, we adapted the individual-nucleotide resolution UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation method (iCLIP) to identify NSun2-mediated methylation in RNA transcriptome. We confirm site-specific methylation in tRNA and identify messenger and non-coding RNAs as potential methylation targets for NSun2. Using RNA bisulfite sequencing we establish Vault non-coding RNAs as novel substrates for NSun2 and identified six cytosine-5 methylated sites. Furthermore, we show that loss of cytosine-5 methylation in Vault RNAs causes aberrant processing into argonaute-associating small RNA fragments (svRNA). Thus, impaired Vault non-coding RNA processing may be an important contributor to the etiology of NSUN2-deficieny human disorders. Identification of Nsun2 targets by miCLIP in Embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells
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Project description:GP61-primed effector CD4+ T cells were isolated from Ctrl or Mettl3-deficient SMARTA mice. Total RNAs were extracted with TRIzol reagent, and mRNAs were then isolated with Dynabeads® mRNA purification kit, followed by stardard m6A-miCLIP-SMARTer-seq with some modifications. Raw sequencing reads were aligned to the mouse genome (mm10) with BWA, and then m6A sites were determined.
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