Project description:The bat offers an alternative paradigm to the standard mouse and chick model of limb development as it has extremely divergent forelimbs (long digits supporting a wing) and hindlimbs (short digits and claws) due the distinct requirements of both aerial and terrestrial locomotion. We used a cross-species microarray approach to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes between the bat (Minniopterus natalensis) forelimb and hindlimb autopods at Carollia developmental stages (CS) 16 and CS17, and between the bat (CS17) and mouse (E13.5) forelimb autopods. Several DE genes were identified, including two homeobox genes, Meis2, a proximal limb-patterning gene, and Hoxd11, a gene involved in digit elongation. Both genes are significantly over-expressed in the developing bat forelimb as compared to the hindlimb and equivalently staged mouse forelimbs. A reference design was used in this microarray experiment. A pool of left and right mouse forelimb autopods from 24 embryos was used as the reference sample. This sample was directly compared to individual CS16 and CS17 bat fore- and hindlimbs (left and right of one individual pooled) that were classified as the test conditions. Four experimental sessions were performed using an independently amplified mouse reference pool and 4 biological repeats for the bat limbs. These samples were co-hybridised to OPERON Mouse OpArray (ver. 4.0) spotted oligonucleotide slides to perform a competitive Cross-Species Hybridisation experiment. The bat aRNA (test) samples were labelled with Cy3 dye (green signal), the mouse aRNA (reference) sample was labelled with Cy5 dye (red signal).
Project description:Bat adenoviruses are a group of recently identified adenoviruses (AdVs) which are highly prevalent in bats yet share low similarity to known AdVs from other species. In this study, deep RNA sequencing was used to analyze the transcriptome at five time points following the infection of a bat AdV in a kidney cell line derived from a myotis bat species. Evidence of AdV replication was observed with the proportion of viral RNAs ranging from 0.01% at 6 h to 1.3% at 18 h. Further analysis of viral temporal gene expression revealed three replication stages; the early stage genes encoding mainly for host interaction proteins, the intermediate stage genes for the DNA replication and assembly proteins, and the late stage genes for most structural proteins. Several bat AdV genes were expressed at stages that differed from their counterpart genes previously reported for human AdV. In addition, single-base resolution splice sites of several genes and promoter regions of all 30 viral genes were fully determined. Simultaneously, the temporal cellular gene expression profiles were identified. The most overrepresented functional categories of the differentially expressed genes were related to cellular immune response, transcription, translation, and DNA replication and repair. Taken together, the deep RNA sequencing provided a global, transcriptional profile of the novel BtAdV and the virus-host interactions, which will be useful for the understanding and investigation of AdV replication, pathogenesis and specific virus-bat interactions in future research. Deep RNA sequencing was used to analyze the transcriptome at five time points(0h,6h,8h, 12h 18h) following the infection of a bat AdV in a bat kidney cell.
Project description:We compared PPARg binding sites in BAT and eWAT to identify regulatory elements that contribute to BAT identity and to find an important factor that bind those elements. To this end, we performed PPARg ChIP-seq in both tissues and called each tissue-spsecific binding sites. PPARg ChIP-seq in BAT and eWAT of mice
Project description:Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a crucial heat-generating organ, regulate whole-body energy metabolism by mediating thermogenesis. BAT inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired thermogenesis. However, the link between BAT inflammation and systematic metabolism remains unclear. Herein, we sought whether BAT inflammation regulates systematic metabolism and thermogenesis. By using mice with BAT deficiency of thioredoxin-2 (TRX2), a protein that scavenges mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), we evaluated the impact of BAT inflammation on metabolism and thermogenesis and its underlying mechanism. Our results describe that BAT-specific TRX2 ablation improves systematic metabolic performance via enhancing lipid uptake, which protects mice from diet-induced obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. TRX2 deficiency impairs adaptive thermogenesis by suppressing fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, loss of TRX2 induces excessive mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial integrity disruption, and cytosolic release of mitochondrial DNA, which in turn activate aberrant innate immune responses in BAT, including the cGAS-STING and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. We identify NLRP3 as a key converging point, as its inhibition reverses both the thermogenesis defect and the metabolic benefits seen under nutrient overload in BAT-specific Trx2-deficient mice. In conclusion, we identify TRX2 as a critical hub integrating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in BAT; uncovering an adaptive mechanism underlying the link between BAT inflammation and systematic metabolism.
2022-05-04 | GSE191009 | GEO
Project description:Genetic diversity for 3 bat species
Project description:An Infinium microarray platform (GPL28271, HorvathMammalMethylChip40) was used to generate DNA methylation data from several tissues in several bat species. Tissues: skin (wing punches), liver, brain, skeletal muscle.