Project description:Platycodon grandiflorus is a perennial traditional Chinese herb, which has more than 100 compounds including triterpenoid saponins, polysaccharides and phenolic acid etc. In this study, a (L9(34)) orthogonal experiment determined the optimal explants is stem with nodes and the optimum full medium is MS + NAA 1.0 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L as best protocol for callus induction of P. grandiflorus.The content of platycodin D, platycoside E and total polysaccharides between callus and plant organs is significantly difference, and the distribution of platycodin D, platycoside E and total polysaccharide in whole plant has been clarified. Meanwhile, the content of platycodin D and total polysaccharide were found higher in calli than in leaves or the whole plant. While, the content of platycoside E in calli is very lower than in leaves. In order to screen candidate genes involved in platycoside E and platycodin D conversion, a RNA-Seq analysis between calli and leaves was performed. Correlating the content of platycodin D and platycoside E between calli and leaves with the gene expression level involving in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis pathway, four cluster genes with high amino acid similarity were screened as the putative sequences of β-Glucosidase gene for converting platycoside E to platycodin D. It was found that the expression level of genes encoding enzymes involved in saponins and polysaccharides biosynthesis was co-expression with the content of the corresponding metabolite. Besides, some transcription factors predicted to regulate the expression of key enzymes involving in triterpernoid saponins and polysaccharides biosynthesis pathway of P. grandiflorus.
Project description:Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. (PG) has long been used as an ingredient of foods and is known to have beneficial effects on cognitive functions as well. The present study examined the effect of each PG extract (PGE) from root, aerial part, and seeds on cognitive functions in mice. Changes in spatial learning and memory using a Y-maze test, and markers of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis were examined. Moreover, changes in neuritogenesis and activation of the ERK1/2 pathway were investigated. Results indicated that mice administered PGE (root) showed increased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test and synaptogenesis in the hippocampus. In addition, PGE (root) and platycodin D, the major bioactive compound from the PG root, significantly stimulated neuritic outgrowth by phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vitro. These results indicate that the PGE (root), containing platycodin D, enhances cognitive function through synaptogenesis via activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
| S-EPMC5537907 | biostudies-other
Project description:Transcriptome analysis of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC.
