Project description:Cryolipolysis has been considered as a noninvasive alternative to surgical procedures for reducing subcutaneous fat without affecting the surrounding tissues. However, no clinical trial has investigated changes in the abdominal fat tissue by 12 weeks after cryolipolysis. Therefore, in this split-body trial, we explored whether a single session of unilateral cryolipolysis could change visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue over a period of 12 weeks. We compared the cross-sectional areas of the abdominal adipose tissue of 15 subjects (9 women; 38.3 [10.8] years) by computed tomography before and at 12 weeks after a single treatment of cryolipolysis to the left abdomen and used the right abdomen as untreated control. In addition, we measured participants' waist circumference, percentage of body fat (by bioelectrical impedance analysis) at baseline and at 6- and 12-weeks post-treatment. Single unilateral cryolipolysis tended to reduce the cross-sectional areas of visceral adipose tissue, by 8.4 cm2 (9.9%), the waist circumferences, and the percent body fat, by 2.8 cm2 (0.6%), overall. The cross-sectional area of visceral adipose tissues on the treated side significantly decreased, by 6.8 cm2 (15.6%; P = 0.003), and that of the untreated side tended to decrease by 1.2 cm2 (3.6%). Thus, a single unilateral session of noninvasive selective cryolipolysis can be considered as a safe and effective treatment for reduction of visceral adipose tissue over a period of 12 weeks, which should result in metabolic improvement.
Project description:Transcript profiling of adult abdominal fat body in S1106>AopACT females after 5 days of induction of transgene expression by RU486 feeding.
Project description:We report the transcriptome profile of one sequenced sample of mRNA isolated from pooled (20 from each genotype) abdomen fly extracts enriched in fat body content of fat body-specific Sdc RNAi knockdown and control flies Abdominal fat body mRNA profiles of 4-6-day old control and fat body-specific Sdc RNAi knockdown were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2500
Project description:We report the transcriptome profile of one sequenced sample of mRNA isolated from pooled (20 from each genotype) abdomen fly extracts enriched in fat body content of fat body-specific Sdc RNAi knockdown and control flies
Project description:Flooding injury is one of the abiotic constraints on soybean growth. An experimental system established for evaluating flooding injury in soybean seedlings indicated that the degree of injury is dependent on seedling density in floodwater. To understand the molecular mechanism responsible for the injury, proteomic alterations in soybean seedlings that correlated with severity of stress were analyzed using label-free quantitative proteomics. Two-day-old soybeans, seedlings flooded for 2 days and hypocotyls of seedlings grown for 3 days after flooding were analyzed. The radicles of soybean seedlings were separated to root tips (RT), roots without tip (RwoT) and hypocotyls (Hypo). Protein was extracted from these organs by TCA/Acetone method. Protein samples were cleaned up with chloroform/methanol method and then subjected to in-solution digestion with trypsin. Resulting peptides were analyzed on a nanospray LTQ XL Orbitrap MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) operated in data-dependent acquisition mode with the installed Xcalibur software (version 2.0.7, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Using an Ultimate 3,000 nanoLC system (Dionex), peptides in 0.1% formic acid were loaded onto a C18 PepMap trap column (300 µm ID × 5 mm, Dionex). The peptides were eluted from the trap column and their separation and spraying were done using 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile at a flow rate of 200 nL/min on a C18 Tip column (75 µm 1D × 120 mm, nano HPLC capillary column, NTTC-360/75-3, Nikkyo Technos) with a spray voltage of 1.5 kV. The elution was done with a linear acetonitrile gradient 8-30% in 120 min for gel free proteomics in 0.1% formic acid. Full-scan mass spectra were acquired in the Orbitrap over a mass range of 400-1,500 m/z with a resolution of 30,000. A lock mass function was used to obtain high mass accuracy. The top 6 most intense precursor ions were selected for collision-induced fragmentation in the linear ion trap at normalized collision energy of 35%. Dynamic exclusion was employed within 90 sec to prevent repetitive selection of peptides.Identification of proteins were performed by Mascot search engine (version 2.3.0.2, Matrix Science) using soybean peptide database (55,787 sequences) obtained from the soybean genome database (Phytozome version 8.0)and a common contaminants database (262 sequences). Parameters used in Mascot searches were follows: Carbamidomethylation of cysteine was set as a fixed modification, and oxidation of methionine was set as a variable modification. Trypsin was specified as the proteolytic enzyme and one missed cleavage was allowed. Peptide mass tolerance was set at 5 ppm, fragment mass tolerance was set at 0.5 Da, and peptide charge was set at +2, +3, and +4. Automatic decoy database search was performed in the search. Mascot results were filtered with Mascot percolator to improve accuracy and sensitivity in the peptide identification. False discovery rates for peptide identification of all searches were less than 1.0%. The Mascot results were used for differential analysis using SIEVE software (version 1.3, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
Project description:The metabolic syndrome is a complex clustering of metabolic defects associated with physical inactivity, abdominal adiposity, and aging.To examine the effects of exercise training intensity on abdominal visceral fat (AVF) and body composition in obese women with the metabolic syndrome.Twenty-seven middle-aged obese women (mean +/- SD; age = 51 +/- 9 yr and body mass index = 34 +/- 6 kg x m(-2)) with the metabolic syndrome completed one of three 16-wk aerobic exercise interventions: (i) no-exercise training (Control): seven participants maintained their existing levels of physical activity; (ii) low-intensity exercise training (LIET): 11 participants exercised 5 d x wk(-1) at an intensity < or = lactate threshold (LT); and (iii) high-intensity exercise training (HIET): nine participants exercised 3 d x wk(-1) at an intensity > LT and 2 d x wk(-1) < or = LT. Exercise time was adjusted to maintain caloric expenditure (400 kcal per session). Single-slice computed tomography scans obtained at the L4-L5 disc space and midthigh were used to determine abdominal fat and thigh muscle cross-sectional areas. Percent body fat was assessed by air displacement plethysmography.HIET significantly reduced total abdominal fat (P < 0.001), abdominal subcutaneous fat (P = 0.034), and AVF (P = 0.010). There were no significant changes observed in any of these parameters within the Control or the LIET conditions.The present data indicate that body composition changes are affected by the intensity of exercise training with HIET more effectively for reducing total abdominal fat, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and AVF in obese women with the metabolic syndrome.
Project description:BackgroundThe association between waist circumference (WC) and mortality is particularly strong and direct when adjusted for body mass index (BMI). One conceivable explanation for this association is that WC adjusted for BMI is a better predictor of the presumably most harmful intra-abdominal fat mass (IAFM) than WC alone. We studied the prediction of abdominal subcutaneous fat mass (ASFM) and IAFM by WC alone and by addition of BMI as an explanatory factor.Methodology/principal findingsWC, BMI and magnetic resonance imaging data from 742 men and women who participated in clinical studies in Canada and Finland were pooled. Total adjusted squared multiple correlation coefficients (R(2)) of ASFM and IAFM were calculated from multiple linear regression models with WC and BMI as explanatory variables. Mean BMI and WC of the participants in the pooled sample were 30 kg/m(2) and 102 cm, respectively. WC explained 29% of the variance in ASFM and 51% of the variance in IAFM. Addition of BMI to WC added 28% to the variance explained in ASFM, but only 1% to the variance explained in IAFM. Results in subgroups stratified by study center, sex, age, obesity level and type 2 diabetes status were not systematically different.Conclusion/significanceThe prediction of IAFM by WC is not improved by addition of BMI.
Project description:In Japanese Americans, intra-abdominal fat area measured by computed tomography is positively associated with the prevalence and incidence of hypertension. Evidence in other populations suggests that other fat areas may be protective. We sought to determine whether a change in specific fat depots predicts the development of hypertension. We prospectively followed up 286 subjects (mean age, 49.5 years; 50.4% men) from the Japanese American Community Diabetes Study for 10 years. At baseline, subjects did not have hypertension (defined as blood pressure ?140/90 mm?Hg) and were not taking blood pressure or glucose-lowering medications. Mid-thigh subcutaneous fat area, abdominal subcutaneous fat area, and intra-abdominal fat area were directly measured by computed tomography at baseline and 5 years. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds of incident hypertension over 10 years in relation to a 5-year change in fat area. The relative odds of developing hypertension for a 5-year increase in intra-abdominal fat was 1.74 (95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.37), after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, baseline intra-abdominal fat, alcohol use, smoking status, and weekly exercise energy expenditure. This relationship remained significant when adjusted for baseline fasting insulin and 2-hour glucose levels or for diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes mellitus classification. There were no significant associations between baseline and change in thigh or abdominal subcutaneous fat areas and incident hypertension. In conclusion, in this cohort of Japanese Americans, the risk of developing hypertension is related to the accumulation of intra-abdominal fat rather than the accrual of subcutaneous fat in either the thigh or the abdominal areas.
Project description:Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is highly efficacious for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), not all patients benefit, and mechanisms underlying response remain unknown. In this first report of the mechanisms underlying improvement with CBT for BDD, we examined whether cognitive (maladaptive beliefs, perfectionism, schemas) and behavioral (checking, grooming, avoidance behaviors) changes mediate the effect of CBT on BDD symptom reduction. Forty-five participants with BDD who enrolled in a CBT for BDD treatment development study were included in two sets of analyses: (1) between-subject mediation of the effect of 12 weeks of CBT versus waitlist, and (2) within-subject mediation of longitudinal change in BDD symptom severity during 24 weeks of CBT. No significant mediators emerged in the between-subject analysis. Checking, grooming, avoidance behaviors, and maladaptive beliefs mediated within-subject improvements over time. Findings suggest that BDD symptom reduction occurs through the very mechanisms that have been hypothesized to maintain BDD in CBT models. Targeting certain cognitive (beliefs about appearance) and behavioral (checking, grooming, and avoidance behaviors) mechanisms in future treatment trials may enhance symptom improvement during CBT. National Clinical Trials Registration Identifier # NCT00106223.