Dataset Information

Integration of multilevel OMICs data based on the identification of regulatory modules from protein-protein interaction networks

ABSTRACT: Complex scientific experiments provide researchers with a wealth of data and knowledge from heterogeneous sources. Analyzed in its entirety, OMICs data provide a deep insight into the overall biological processes of organisms. However, the integration of data from different cellular levels (e.g., transcriptomics and proteomics) is challenging. Analyzing lists of differentially abundant molecules from different cellular levels often results in a small overlap, which can be accounted to, e.g., different regulatory mechanisms, different temporal scales as well as inherent properties of the measurement method. Thus, there is a need for approaches that allow efficient integration of OMICs data from different cellular levels. In this study, we make use of transcriptome, proteome and secretome data from the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus challenged with the antifungal drug caspofungin. Caspofungin targets the fungal cell wall leading to a compensatory stress response. We analyze the experimental data based on two different approaches. First, we apply a simple approach based on the comparison of differentially regulated genes and proteins with subsequent pathway analysis. Second, we compare the cellular levels based on the identification of regulatory or functional modules by two module-detecting algorithms from protein-protein interaction networks in conjunction with transcriptomic and proteomic data. Our results show that both approaches associate the fungal caspofungin response with biological pathways like cell wall biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism as well as carbohydrate metabolism. Compared to results of the simple approach, the use of regulatory modules shows a notably higher agreement between the different cellular levels. The additional structural information of the networks provided by the module-based approach allows for topological analysis as well as the analysis of the temporal evolution of cellular response at a molecular level. However, we also found that quality of the module-based results depends on the comprehensiveness of the underlying protein-protein interaction network itself. Thus, while our results highlight the benefits and potential provided by a module-based analysis of OMICs data from different cellular levels, future studies will have to focus on the expansion of organism specific protein-protein interaction networks.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Neosartorya Fumigata (aspergillus Fumigatus)

TISSUE(S): Hyphal Cell

SUBMITTER: Thomas Krüger

LAB HEAD: Olaf Kniemeyer

PROVIDER: PXD008153 | Pride | 2018-10-25

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Module-detection approaches for the integration of multilevel omics data highlight the comprehensive response of Aspergillus fumigatus to caspofungin.

Conrad T T Kniemeyer O O Henkel S G SG Krüger T T Mattern D J DJ Valiante V V Guthke R R Jacobsen I D ID Brakhage A A AA Vlaic S S Linde J J

BMC systems biology 20181020 1

<h4>Background</h4>Omics data provide deep insights into overall biological processes of organisms. However, integration of data from different molecular levels such as transcriptomics and proteomics, still remains challenging. Analyzing lists of differentially abundant molecules from diverse molecular levels often results in a small overlap mainly due to different regulatory mechanisms, temporal scales, and/or inherent properties of measurement methods. Module-detecting algorithms identifying s ...[more]

PMID: 30342519

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Project description:Aspergillus species are a leading cause of invasive fungal infections. As resistance to first-line therapy involving triazole antifungal agents is rising, second-line therapy with echinocandins is expanding. Resistance to echinocandins is well-established to result from amino acid substitutions in the echinocandin drug target β-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase encoded by the fks1 gene. Recently, we identified several high MIC clinical isolates of A. fumigatus from patients failing echinocandin therapy that did not contain any mutation in the fks1 gene, indicating that echinocandin resistance in these isolates results from an undefined mechanism. To explore possible new mechanisms of resistance, we used a lab-derived strain, RG101, with a nearly identical susceptibility phenotype, as a model system. This strain does not contain fks1 mutations but showed prominent resistance to the echinocandin class drug caspofungin (CAS), while remaining sensitive to other echinocandins, azoles and polyenes. Glucan synthase isolated from RG101 was fully sensitive to drug. Yet, exposure to CAS during its growth yielded a modified enzyme that was insensitive (4-log orders) in kinetic inhibition assays to CAS, as well as other echinocandins. This induction of cross-resistance by CAS was also observed in clinical isolates. To determine the nature of a presumptive posttranslational modification (PTM) of the enzyme, we analyzed whole enzyme PTMs, including the known hot-spot regions, for methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation. While we did not identify any PTMs linked to resistance, analysis of the lipid microenvironment of CAS-induced resistant enzyme revealed a prominent increase in the abundance of dihydrosphingosine (DhSph) and phytosphingosine (PhSph). Exogenous addition of DhSph and PhSph to sensitive enzyme in in vitro kinetic inhibition assays recapitulated the CAS insensitivity of the cellular-derived enzyme. To further examine induction of drug-induced resistance, we used an in vitro assay to demonstrate that CAS, but not other echinocandin class drugs, prominently induced the production of mitochondrial-derived Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in A. fumigatus. RNASeq evaluation of whole cells confirmed a ROS signature in cells treated with CAS. Dampening the formation of ROS by antimycin A or thiourea eliminated the induction of drug resistance by CAS. We conclude that CAS-induced formation of ROS promotes a cellular stress response that alters the composition of plasma membrane lipids surrounding glucan synthase, changing its enzymatic properties to make it insensitive to echinocandins. This stress-induced response constitutes a novel mechanism of echinocandin resistance in Aspergillus, with implications for drug resistance and/or tolerance mechanisms in other fungal pathogens.

Project description:Aspergillus fumigatus can cause Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA), the most severe form of Aspergillus-related infections. Fungicidal azoles and fungistatic caspofungin (CAS) are the first- and second-line therapies, respectively, used to treat IPA. However, azole-resistance is on the rise and new therapeutic alternatives need to be implemented. Recently, we showed that treatment of A. fumigatus with CAS or micafungin, but not voriconazole, induces production of the oxylipin 5,8-diHODE by the fungal oxygenase PpoA. Here we investigated the influence of ppo genes, that encode fatty acid oxygenases responsible for oxylipin biosynthesis, on CAS tolerance. The ppo mutants showed a very complex pattern of CAS susceptibility. PpoA and PpoC influence on CAS tolerance is mediated by MpkA phosphorylation and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. RNAseq transcriptional profiling and label-free quantitative proteomics (spectral counts) of the ppoA, and ppoC mutants showed that differentially expressed genes and proteins are related to secondary metabolites and carbohydrate metabolism. We tested several mutants of these differentially expressed genes encoding transcription factors and signal transduction proteins and some of them are more susceptible to CAS. We also characterized two clinical isolates, CNM7555 and IFM41607, that have decreased and increased susceptibility to CAS. CNM7555 does not have increased oxylipin production in the presence of CAS while the oxylipin induction upon CAS exposure is increased in the IFM41607, suggesting oxylipins are not the single mechanism involved in CAS tolerance in these isolates. Upon CAS exposure, CNM7555 has increased MpkA phosphorylation and PKA activity than IFM41607. Modulation of secondary metabolite production and carbohydrate metabolism is also essential in these clinical isolates for acquiring CAS tolerance. Our results reveal different aspects and genetic determinants involved in A. fumigatus CAS tolerance.

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	BR1-b.raw	Raw
	BR1-c.raw	Raw
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	BR1.mgf	Mgf