Proteomics

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Sensing and signalling of DNA breaks in extracts of preblastoderm Drosophila embryos


ABSTRACT: Preblastoderm Drosophila embryos replicate their genomes at maximal speed. The assembly of chromatin on the newly synthesized chromosomes relies entirely on high concentrations of maternal nucleosome assembly and remodelling factors. Extracts from preblastoderm embryos can be turned into a system for highly efficient assembly of complex chromatin. We serendipitously discovered that this chromatin assembly system contains numerous activities that recognise unprotected DNA ends and initiate DNA damage signalling cascades. Within minutes the phosphorylation of H2A.V (homologous to H2A.X) initiates from DNA breaks and spreads over tens of thousands DNA base pairs. The phosphorylation of H2A.V remains tightly associated with the damaged DNA in cis and does not spread to intact DNA circles in the same reaction. The ultrafast cycles of syncytial nuclei divisions of cleavage-stage embryos do not allow sufficient time to repair DNA breaks. Rather, fatally damaged nuclei are eliminated by a programmed ‘mitotic catastrophe’. Our descriptions of the damage-related proteome and DNA break-dependent phospho-proteome suggest that certain aspects of the DNA damage checkpoint that leads to the elimination of nuclei can be studied in this cell-free system. Our data provide a rich resource for in-depth mechanistic analyses of the DNA break response in this model system.

OTHER RELATED OMICS DATASETS IN: GSE126415

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit Fly)

TISSUE(S): Embryo

SUBMITTER: Andreas Schmidt  

LAB HEAD: Axel Imhof

PROVIDER: PXD013130 | Pride | 2019-10-14

REPOSITORIES: Pride

Dataset's files

Source:
Action DRS
20190110_TB_SA_LB_phospho_01.raw Raw
20190110_TB_SA_LB_phospho_02.raw Raw
20190110_TB_SA_LB_phospho_03.raw Raw
20190110_TB_SA_LB_phospho_04.raw Raw
20190110_TB_SA_LB_phospho_05.raw Raw
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Publications

A Drosophila cell-free system that senses DNA breaks and triggers phosphorylation signalling.

Harpprecht Lisa L   Baldi Sandro S   Schauer Tamas T   Schmidt Andreas A   Bange Tanja T   Robles Maria S MS   Kremmer Elisabeth E   Imhof Axel A   Becker Peter B PB  

Nucleic acids research 20190801 14


Preblastoderm Drosophila embryo development is characterized by fast cycles of nuclear divisions. Extracts from these embryos can be used to reconstitute complex chromatin with high efficiency. We now discovered that this chromatin assembly system contains activities that recognize unprotected DNA ends and signal DNA damage through phosphorylation. DNA ends are initially bound by Ku and MRN complexes. Within minutes, the phosphorylation of H2A.V (homologous to γH2A.X) initiates from DNA breaks a  ...[more]

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