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A wolf in another wolf’s clothing: Post-genomic regulation dictates venom profiles of medically-important cryptic kraits in India

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the widespread cryptic Bungarus caeruleus (Comman krait) in India and clinical repercussions of their bits by implementing multidisciplinary approach involving proteomics, transcripomics, and assessment of toxicity and efficacy of currently marketed anivenoms. The study also aims at understanding the evolutionary relationships between these phenotypically simillar kraits.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion

ORGANISM(S): Bungarus

TISSUE(S): Venom

SUBMITTER: Kartik Sunagar

LAB HEAD: Dr. Kartik Sunagar

PROVIDER: PXD023127 | Pride | 2021-09-09

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Dataset's files

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			Action	DRS
	01122020_RID_2209_BuCaKA02.raw	Raw
	BuCaKA02.pep.xml	Pepxml
	BuCaMH03.pep.xml	Pepxml
	BuCaMH03.raw	Raw
	BuCaMH04.pep.xml	Pepxml

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Publications

A Wolf in Another Wolf's Clothing: Post-Genomic Regulation Dictates Venom Profiles of Medically-Important Cryptic Kraits in India.

Sunagar Kartik K Khochare Suyog S Senji Laxme R R RR Attarde Saurabh S Dam Paulomi P Suranse Vivek V Khaire Anil A Martin Gerard G Captain Ashok A

Toxins 20210119 1

The Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) shares a distribution range with many other 'phenotypically-similar' kraits across the Indian subcontinent. Despite several reports of fatal envenomings by other Bungarus species, commercial Indian antivenoms are only manufactured against B. caeruleus. It is, therefore, imperative to understand the distribution of genetically distinct lineages of kraits, the compositional differences in their venoms, and the consequent impact of venom va ...[more]

PMID: 33477742

Similar Datasets

A Wolf in Another Wolf's Clothing: Post-Genomic Regulation Dictates Venom Profiles of Medically-Important Cryptic Kraits in India.

Project description:The Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) shares a distribution range with many other 'phenotypically-similar' kraits across the Indian subcontinent. Despite several reports of fatal envenomings by other Bungarus species, commercial Indian antivenoms are only manufactured against B. caeruleus. It is, therefore, imperative to understand the distribution of genetically distinct lineages of kraits, the compositional differences in their venoms, and the consequent impact of venom variation on the (pre)clinical effectiveness of antivenom therapy. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted phylogenetic and comparative venomics investigations of kraits in Southern and Western India. Phylogenetic reconstructions using mitochondrial markers revealed a new species of krait, Romulus' krait (Bungarus romulusi sp. nov.), in Southern India. Additionally, we found that kraits with 17 mid-body dorsal scale rows in Western India do not represent a subspecies of the Sind Krait (B. sindanus walli) as previously believed, but are genetically very similar to B. sindanus in Pakistan. Furthermore, venom proteomics and comparative transcriptomics revealed completely contrasting venom profiles. While the venom gland transcriptomes of all three species were highly similar, venom proteomes and toxicity profiles differed significantly, suggesting the prominent role of post-genomic regulatory mechanisms in shaping the venoms of these cryptic kraits. In vitro venom recognition and in vivo neutralisation experiments revealed a strong negative impact of venom variability on the preclinical performance of commercial antivenoms. While the venom of B. caeruleus was neutralised as per the manufacturer's claim, performance against the venoms of B. sindanus and B. romulusi was poor, highlighting the need for regionally-effective antivenoms in India.

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Conus striatus Venom Duct LC/MS/MS

Project description:The venom of cone snails is highly variable both between and within species, as well as spatially along the venom duct. However, defferences of defensive and predatory venoms in "hook-and-line" fish hunting clades and their venom duct origins has not been investigated. In this study a combination of proteomics and transcriptomic approaches were used to decode the venom profiles of C. striatus from the Pionoconus clade. The raw data files obtained from the reduced alkylated and digested venom duct sections (distal, central and proximal), injected predatory and defensive induced venoms are submitted here.

2022-02-17 | PXD026194 | Pride

Reference Design time-course

Project description:E.coli K-12 W3110 was grown in LB medium and harvested at each time point. And time series microarray experiments were performed based on reference desgin. In reference design, the control sample is collected at one representative time point. Combining with data from sequential design, more acculate and reliable expression series could be collected. Keywords: Reference design The control sample is collected at one representative time point.

2011-03-31 | E-GEOD-6033 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DNA Methylation Analysis in Human Chorionic Villus and Maternal Blood Cells

Project description:Comparative analysis of DNA methylation in 12 human chorionic villus samples and 12 human maternal blood cell samples We performed a genome wide analysis of DNA methylation first trimester CVS samples and gestational age matched MBCs. We analyzed DNA samples obtained from 12 CVS samples and 12 MBC samples. Data were generated using two high-throughput approaches: the Infinium “humanmethylation27” platform marketed by Illumina and a custom Agilent-based platform. We then compared these data with genome wide transcription data for the same tissues. This Series covers only the Illumina HumanMethylation27 part of the study.

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Transcription profiling of mouse sarcoma cell lines CMS4 vs. CMS4-met

Project description:To identify unique genes associated with tumor progression by comparing a poorly metastatic tumor cell line with a highly metastatic tumor cell line.

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Transcription profiling of in vivo-derived CMS4-met cells and the in vitro-derived CMS4.sel cells using CMS4 cells as a reference sample

Project description:The CMS4 sarcoma, kindly provided by A. DeLeo (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA), is a solid tumor of BALB/c (H-2d) origin, which grows aggressively in naive, syngeneic hosts following a s.c. transplant. Although the parental tumor cell line forms few metastatic foci in the lungs following i.v. administration, a highly metastatic subline, termed CMS4-met, was established from lung digests of those mice as described (Ryan MH, Bristol JA, McDuffie E, Abrams SI. Regression of extensive pulmonary metastases in mice by adoptive transfer of antigen-specific CD8(+) CTL reactive against tumor cells expressing a naturally occurring rejection epitope. J Immunol 2001;167:4286-92). The CMS4.sel subline was selected from the parental line in vitro following six successive passages in the presence of anti-Fas stimuli as described (Liu K, Abrams SI. Alterations in Fas expression are characteristic of, but not solely responsible for, enhanced metastatic competence. J Immunol 2003;170:5973-80). In this experiment we compare the gene expression patterns of the in vivo-derived CMS4-met cells and the in vitro-derived CMS4.sel cells using CMS4 cells as a reference sample.

2005-05-08 | E-MEXP-286 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription profiling of mouse control cell line and a cell line surviving exposure to tumor-specific CTL (cytolytic T lymphocyte)

Project description:The CMS4 sarcoma, kindly provided by A. DeLeo (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA), is a solid tumor of BALB/c (H-2d) origin, which grows aggressively in naive, syngeneic hosts following a s.c. transplant. Although the parental tumor cell line forms few metastatic foci in the lungs following i.v. administration, a highly metastatic subline, termed CMS4-met, was established from lung digests of those mice as described (Ryan MH, Bristol JA, McDuffie E, Abrams SI. Regression of extensive pulmonary metastases in mice by adoptive transfer of antigen-specific CD8(+) CTL reactive against tumor cells expressing a naturally occurring rejection epitope. J Immunol 2001;167:4286-92). In this experiment we compare the gene expression profiles between a control cell line and a cell line surviving exposure to tumor-specific CTL (cytolytic T lymphocyte). CMS4-met cells were injected iv. to the mouse tails. Three days later, either saline or tumor-specific CTL were injected iv into mouse tails. Single cell suspensions were made from mouse lungs and put in culture. Tumor cells were recovered from cultures. Tumor cells established from mice receiving saline were termed CMS4-met.cntl. Tumor cells established from mice receiving CTL were termed CMS4-met.sel. The gene expression profiles of these two tumor cell lines were then compared to CMS4-met.

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Comparative analysis of high molecular mass subproteomes of Bothrops snake venoms

Project description:Snake venoms are extremely active biological secretions containing primarily various classes of enzymes. The genus Bothrops comprises various pit viper species that represent the most medically significant taxa in Central and South America, accounting for more human envenomations and fatalities than any other snake taxa. Venom proteomes of many Bothrops species have been characterized but, although proteins of molecular mass higher than 100 kDa have been documented in Bothrops venoms, these large proteins have not yet been closely investigated. This study sought to achieve detailed identification of major components in the high molecular mass subproteome of venoms from eight Bothrops species (B. brazili, B. cotiara, B. insularis, B. jararaca, B. jararacussu, B. leucurus, B. moojeni and B. neuwiedi). The identification of proteins eluting in the first fractions of a size-exclusion chromatography of these venoms revealed that they are comprised mainly of enzymes, including minor components such as 5'-nucleotidase, aminopeptidase, phosphodiesterase, and phospholipases A2 and B, but with metalloproteinases and L-amino acid oxidases representing the most abundant components. Most of these components disappeared in electrophoretic profiles under reducing conditions suggesting that they may be composed of more than one polypeptide chain. A significant shift in the molecular masses of these protein bands was observed after enzymatic N-deglycosylation, indicating that they may contain N-glycans. Furthermore, the finding that none of the high molecular mass proteins is shared by all eight species reveals a high level of interspecies venom variability among these components.

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