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Huntingtin polyglutamine expansion modulates protein interaction dynamics in the striatum

ABSTRACT: Huntington’s disease is a monogenic disorder, with only one known causative gene, huntingtin (HTT). Expansion of a trinucleotide (CAG) repeat within the HTT gene results in a mutant protein containing polyglutamine (polyQ) stretches. While mutant HTT is the primary driver of cellular degeneration in the brain, the molecular and cellular mechanisms are incompletely understood. To further understand the role of polyQ in disease pathogenesis, we studied the dynamics of HTT protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in the striatum of mice with wild-type (Q20) and mutant (Q140) HTT at pre-symptomatic and manifest HD ages using label-free and isotope-labeled IP-MS approaches. Combining these approaches, we demonstrated that HTT PPI dynamics are distinct in early and later disease phases. Computational analysis pointed to early protein interaction changes involving synaptic transmission and vesicle fusion functions, while later interactions underlie changes in synapse morphogenesis and impact the actin cytoskeletal network.

INSTRUMENT(S): LTQ Orbitrap Velos

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus (mouse)

TISSUE(S): Brain

DISEASE(S): Huntington Disease

SUBMITTER: Todd Greco

LAB HEAD: Ileana Cristea

PROVIDER: PXD025510 | Pride | 2022-02-20

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Dataset's files

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			Action	DRS
	2017_07_UniprotS_mouse.fasta	Fasta
	2017_12_07_FLAG-HTT_Q20_Striata.msf	Msf
	2017_12_07_FLAG-HTT_Q20_Striata_F01.raw	Raw
	2017_12_07_FLAG-HTT_Q20_Striata_F02.raw	Raw
	2017_12_07_FLAG-HTT_Q20_Striata_F03.raw	Raw

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Project description:Pluripotent stem cells undergo unlimited self-renewal while maintaining their potential to differentiate into post-mitotic cells with an intact proteome, a capacity that demands a highly induced proteostasis network. As such, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) suppress the aggregation of polyQ-expanded huntingtin (HTT), the mutant protein underlying Huntington’s disease (HD). Here we show that proteasome activity determines HTT levels, preventing the accumulation of polyQ-expanded aggregates in iPSCs from HD patients (HD-iPSCs). iPSCs exhibit intrinsic high levels of UBR5, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that we find required for proteasomal degradation of both normal and mutant HTT. When UBR5 fails to monitor HTT proteostasis, the concomitant up-regulation of HTT expression particularly results in polyQ-expanded aggregation in HD-iPSCs. Moreover, UBR5 knockdown hastens protein aggregation and neurotoxicity in polyQ-expanded invertebrate models. Notably, ectopic expression of UBR5 is sufficient to induce polyubiquitination and degradation of mutant HTT, reducing polyQ-expanded aggregates in HD cell models. However, UBR5 is dispensable for the proteostasis of other aggregation-prone proteins linked with Machado-Joseph disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in iPSCs. Besides its role in HTT regulation, we find that intrinsic high levels of UBR5 also determine the global proteostatic ability of iPSCs preventing aggresome formation, suggesting a role in the control of misfolded proteins ensued from normal metabolism. Thus, our findings indicate UBR5 as a central component of super-vigilant proteostasis of iPSCs with the potential to correct proteostatic deficiencies in HD.

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