The Arabidopsis mature endosperm promotes seedling cuticle formation via release of sulfated peptides
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis Thaliana (mouse-ear Cress)
TISSUE(S): Cell Culture, Early Embryonic Cell
SUBMITTER: 
Patrice Waridel
LAB HEAD: Luis Lopez-Molina
PROVIDER: PXD028576 | Pride | 2021-11-10
REPOSITORIES: Pride
Dataset's files
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Project description:Wheat seed germination directly affects wheat yield and quality. The wheat grains mainly include embryo and endosperm, and both play important roles in seed germination, seedling survival and subsequent vegetative growth. ABA can positively regulate dormancy induction and then negatively regulates seed germination at low concentrations. H2O2 treatment with low concentration can promote seed germination of cereal plants. Although various transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have been used to investigate the seed germination mechanisms and response to various abiotic stresses in different plant species, an integrative transcriptome analysis of wheat embryo and endosperm response to ABA and H2O2 stresses has not reported so far. We used the elite Chinese bread wheat cultivar Zhenmai 9023 as material and performed the first comparative transcriptome microarray analysis between embryo and endosperm response to ABA and H2O2 treatments during seed germination using the GeneChip® Wheat Genome Array Wheat seed germination includes a great amount of regulated genes which belong to many functional groups. ABA/H2O2 can repress/promote seed germination through coordinated regulating related genes expression. Our results provide new insights into the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of embryo and endosperm response to ABA and H2O2 treatments during seed germination The six groups including embryo and endosperm response to pure water (CK), ABA and H2O2 were havested respectively, which were CK_embryo (CKem), CK_endosperm (CKe), ABA_embryo (ABAem), ABA_endosperm (ABAe), H2O2_embryo (H2O2em), H2O2_endosperm (H2O2e). Three independent experiments were performed for each group.
2014-12-11 | E-GEOD-64030 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Arabidopsis seed germination is coordinated with the strong induction of metabolic pathways required for the mobilisation and utilization of seed storage reserves. These are essential to support the seedling before the establishment of photoauxotrophic growth. The activity of genes encoding enzymes required for lipid mobilisation is regulated largely at the level of transcription, but our knowledge of how this regulation occurs is extremely limited. After germination the rate of lipid reserve mobilisation is determined by the carbohydrate status of the seedling and by the osmotic potential of the growth substrate. The plant response to both of these requires the action of the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). We have shown that this regulation is tissue specific (Penfield et al., 2004 Plant Cell 16, 2705-2718), and that although lipid breakdown in the embryo is inhibited by ABA, lipid breakdown in the endosperm tissues is not. Furthermore, in many species the action of the endosperm is central to the processes controlling seed germination, yet very little is known about gene expression in this tissue, or of the function of the endosperm in mature Arabidopsis seeds. Mature Arabidopsis seeds can be dissected into embryo and endosperm/seed coat fractions, with the latter fraction containing RNA only from the endosperm as the seed coat cells undergo programmed cell death during the latter stages of seed development. In this experiment we divide seeds into embryo and endosperm tissues and transcript profile both shortly after germination, or when germination and lipid reserve mobilisation are inhibited by ABA or by the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol. In this way we can discover the endosperm transcriptome and uncover candidate regulators of lipid mobilisation by searching for genes showing differential expression between embryo and endosperm before and after ABA treatment. Experimenter name = Steven Penfield Experimenter phone = 01904 328759 Experimenter fax = 01904 328762 Experimenter department = Department of Biology Experimenter institute = Centre for Novel Agricultural Products Experimenter address = University of York Experimenter address = PO BOX 373 Experimenter address = York Experimenter zip/postal_code = YO10 5YW Experimenter country = UK Keywords: organism_part_comparison_design
2007-01-08 | GSE5751 | GEO
Project description:In species with exalbuminous seeds such as crucifer oilseeds and legumes, the endosperm is eventually consumed and its space occupied by the embryo during seed development. However, the main constituent of the early developing seed is the liquid endosperm, and most of the carbon resources for the ensuing stages of seed development arrive at the embryo through the endosperm. In contrast to the extensive study of species with persistent endosperm, little is known about the global gene expression pattern in the endosperm of exalbuminous seed species. We took a multiparallel approach that combines ESTs, protein profiling and microarray analyses to look into the gene expression landscape in the endosperm of the oilseed crop Brassica napus. An EST collection of over 30,000 entries allowed us to detect close to 10,000 unisequences expressed in the endosperm. A protein profile analysis of more than 800 proteins corroborated several signature pathways uncovered by abundant ESTs. Using microarray analyses, we identified genes that are differentially or highly expressed across all developmental stages. These complementary analyses provided insight on several prominent metabolic pathways in the endosperm. We also discovered that LEC1 was highly expressed in the endosperm and that the regulatory cascade downstream of LEC1 operates in the endosperm. The endosperm EST collection and the microarray dataset provide a basic genomic resource for dissecting metabolic and developmental events important for oilseed improvement. Our findings on the featured metabolic processes and the LEC1 regulatory cascade offer new angles for investigation on the integration of endosperm gene expression with embryo development and storage product deposition in seed development. Keywords: seed development We defined the developmental phase of the endosperm based on the stages of the embedded embryos. Under our growth conditions, the globular-shape embryo stage is reached approximately six days after flowering (DAF), the heart-shape embryo stage is reached after eight days, and by day 14 the seed enters the cotyledon stage. The collected tissues allowed the construction of two cDNA libraries: one derived from endosperm of heart-shape embryo developing stage seeds and the other from endosperm of a mix of globular-shape embryo and cotyledon stage developing seeds. Heart-shaped-embryo endosperm is also ready for protein profiling analysis. For microarray analysis, endosperms were harvested from young seeds at the globular-shape embryo, heart-shape embryo and cotyledon stages, respectively. Two biological duplicates were set up, including four technological repeats in each duplicate. A dye-swap hybridization experiment was performed for each pair of target RNA comparisons. We performed four independent aRNA labelings for each tissue pair. For example, we used globular-shape embryo stage endosperm RNA coupled with Cy5 dye vs. heart-shape embryo stage endosperm RNA coupled with Cy3 dye, and the dye-swap experiment was with globular-shape embryo stage endosperm RNA with Cy3 dye vs. the heart-shape embryo stage endosperm RNA with Cy5 dye. Each tissue pair experiment was done with four repeats, using a total of 24 microarrays for the whole experiment.
2010-05-18 | E-GEOD-14766 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Some flowering plant and vertebrate genes are expressed primarily or exclusively from either the maternal or paternal allele, a phenomenon called genomic imprinting. Flowering plant imprinted gene expression has been described primarily in endosperm, a terminal nutritive tissue consumed by the embryo during seed development or after germination. Imprinted expression in Arabidopsis thaliana endosperm is orchestrated by differences in cytosine DNA methylation between the paternal and maternal genomes, as well as by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins. Currently only eleven imprinted Arabidopsis genes are known. Here we use extensive sequencing of cDNA libraries to identify many new paternally and maternally imprinted genes in A. thaliana endosperm, including transcription factors, proteins involved in hormone signaling, and epigenetic regulators. The imprinted status of many maternally-expressed genes is not altered by mutations in the DNA-demethylating glycosylase DEMETER, the DNA methyltransferase MET1 or the core PcG protein FIE, indicating that these genes are regulated by novel mechanisms or deposited from maternal tissues. We did not find any imprinted genes in the embryo. Our results demonstrate that imprinted gene expression, particularly from the maternal genome, is an extensive, mechanistically complex phenomenon that likely affects multiple aspects of seed development. Epigenetics Examination of genomic imprinting in Arabidopsis endosperm
2011-03-10 | E-GEOD-24644 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Arabidopsis seed germination is coordinated with the strong induction of metabolic pathways required for the mobilisation and utilization of seed storage reserves. These are essential to support the seedling before the establishment of photoauxotrophic growth. The activity of genes encoding enzymes required for lipid mobilisation is regulated largely at the level of transcription, but our knowledge of how this regulation occurs is extremely limited. After germination the rate of lipid reserve mobilisation is determined by the carbohydrate status of the seedling and by the osmotic potential of the growth substrate. The plant response to both of these requires the action of the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). We have shown that this regulation is tissue specific (Penfield et al., 2004 Plant Cell 16, 2705-2718), and that although lipid breakdown in the embryo is inhibited by ABA, lipid breakdown in the endosperm tissues is not. Furthermore, in many species the action of the endosperm is central to the processes controlling seed germination, yet very little is known about gene expression in this tissue, or of the function of the endosperm in mature Arabidopsis seeds. Mature Arabidopsis seeds can be dissected into embryo and endosperm/seed coat fractions, with the latter fraction containing RNA only from the endosperm as the seed coat cells undergo programmed cell death during the latter stages of seed development. In this experiment we divide seeds into embryo and endosperm tissues and transcript profile both shortly after germination, or when germination and lipid reserve mobilisation are inhibited by ABA or by the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol. In this way we can discover the endosperm transcriptome and uncover candidate regulators of lipid mobilisation by searching for genes showing differential expression between embryo and endosperm before and after ABA treatment. Experimenter name = Steven Penfield; Experimenter phone = 01904 328759; Experimenter fax = 01904 328762; Experimenter department = Department of Biology; Experimenter institute = Centre for Novel Agricultural Products; Experimenter address = University of York; Experimenter address = PO BOX 373; Experimenter address = York; Experimenter zip/postal_code = YO10 5YW; Experimenter country = UK Experiment Overall Design: 18 samples were used in this experiment
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Project description:Plants of different ploidy levels are separated by a strong postzygotic hybridization barrier that is established in the endosperm. Deregulated parent-of-origin specific genes are causal for the response to interploidy hybridizations, revealing an epigenetic basis of this phenomenon. In this study we present evidence that paternal hypomethylation can bypass the interploidy hybridization barrier by alleviating the requirement of the epigenetic Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) in the endosperm. Bypass of the barrier is mediated by suppressed expression of imprinted genes. We show that hypomethylated pollen causes redistribution of CHG methylation to PRC2 target genes, revealing that different epigenetic modifications can functionally substitute for each other. Our work presents a method and the underlying mechanism for the generation of viable triploids, providing an impressive example for the potential of epigenome manipulations for plant breeding. Examination of DNA methylation in Arabidopsis endosperm, embryo, and pollen, and gene expression in seeds
2014-09-22 | E-GEOD-53642 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To address the lack of information on the function of CBC in the ABA signaling pathway during seed germination in barley, we employed TILLING to identify mutants of the genes hvcbp20.ab and hvcbp80.b and subsequently created the double mutant hvcbp20.ab/hvcbp80.b. We found that mutations in both CBC subunits resulted in a unique ABA response that differed from that of single mutants. Through transcriptomic analyses, we identified differential gene expression and alternative splicing patterns. Notably, the hvcbp20.ab/hvcbp80.b double mutant exhibited altered AS regulation and significant changes in brassinosteroid signaling following ABA exposure. Seeds were sterilized in 20% sodium hypochlorite solution for 20 min and washed with sterilized water for 5 min. They were then placed in Petri dishes with three layers of filters and treated with either sterilized water or sterilized water containing 75 μM ABA (cis-trans-abscisic acid; catalog no. 862169; Sigma-Aldrich). The seeds were stratified for 4 d at 4°C and then transferred to a growth chamber. Germination was defined as the visible emergence of the radicle through the seed coat and was assessed on 1 and 7 DAI (Days After Imbibition). The assay was performed in three biological replicates, each comprising 30 seeds of each genotype per petri dish. At 1 DAI, the embryos were isolated from the endosperm using a sharp scalpel blade, placed in microcentrifuge tubes (Eppendorf) containing RNAlater reagent, and stored at 4°C until RNA isolation. RNA was isolated using the mirVana™ Isolation Kit (Ambion, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA was isolated in four biological replicates, each consisting of 20 embryos. In total, 32 RNA samples were extracted. RNA concentration and quality were assessed using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Wilmington, USA) and Agilent Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA). We used grains and embryos of barley TILLING mutants: the hvcbp20.ab, in the CBP20 gene (CAP-BINDING PROTEIN 20; BaRT2v18chr6HG306340; 41,42), and hvcbp80.b, in the CBP80 gene (CAP-BINDING PROTEIN 80; BaRT2v18chr4HG195950), single mutants, the hvcbp20.ab/hvcbp80.b double mutant, and the 'Sebastian' wild-type (WT), all sourced from the HorTILLUS population 91. Single mutants were identified through TILLING in the M2 generation (then backcrossed with WT to clean the genetic background), and the double mutant was isolated from the F2 progeny following crossbreeding of the single mutants
2024-07-08 | E-MTAB-13989 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Endosperm is a filial structure resulting from a second fertilization event in angiosperms. As an absorptive storage organ, endosperm plays an essential role in support of embryo development or seedling germination. The accumulation of carbohydrate and protein storage products in cereal endosperm provides humanity with a major portion of its food, feed and renewal resources. However, little is known regarding the regulatory gene networks controlling endosperm proliferation and differentiation. As a first step towards understanding these processes, we have profiled all mRNAs in kernel and endosperm of maize at eight successive stages during the first 12 days after pollination. Analysis of these gene sets has identified temporal programs of gene expression including hundreds of transcription-factor genes. We also show a close correlation of these sequentially expressed gene sets with distinct spatial programs of expression in distinct compartments of the developing endosperm. The results constitute a preliminary atlas of spatiotemproal patterns of endosperm gene expression in support of future efforts for understanding the underlying mechanisms that control seed yield and quality. The unpollinated kernels (0 DAP), the kernels of 2, 3, 4, 6 DAP and hand dissected endosperms of 8, 10, 12 DAP from the B73 were used to perform high-throughput sequencing using the SOLiD platform
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