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Deciphering BTH-induced response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) and its influence on plant virus infection through a multi-omics approach

ABSTRACT: The plant response may be triggered by various factors, including pathogens, non-pathogenic microbes, and natural or synthetic molecules, such as salicylic acid (SA), benzo(1,2,3)-Thiadiazole-7-Carbothioic Acid S-Methyl Ester (BTH) that are considered as plant resistance inducers. Resistance inducers mobilize the plant for the synthesis of defense compounds, but they are not directly toxic for the plant. The BTH is an analogue of SA, a molecule naturally synthesized in the plant during systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In this study, we hypothesized that challenging the plant with resistance inducer causes an increase in the level of proteins associated with defence response to external stimuli with primary metabolism and that the action of the choline derivative of the BTH (in the form of the ionic liquid) during induction of resistance in tomato plants is mediated by to some extent similar signaling pathways as it is in the case of unmodified BTH compound. Therefore, this study aimed to identify global proteome changes occurring in tomato plants exposed to resistance inducers as well as to identify common pathways associated with the plant's defense response to (+)ssRNA viruses induced upon both, viral infection and prior resistance inducer treatment. The effect of ionic liquids on changes in plant proteome is not described in the literature. The ionic character of compounds offers a great advantage of using them as the plant resistance inducer. The high chemical and thermal stability, as well as low volatility, guarantees safe application in fields. For that reason, comparing the action of the resistance inducer in the form of an ionic liquid with the core compound (BTH) will help to elucidate the mode of action of ionic liquid derivatives in plant resistance induction. To this end, two RNA-type viruses from different families were tested: tomato mosaic virus (ToMV, Virgaviridae) and potato virus Y (PVY, Potyviridae). The most affected processes presented in the results were: photosynthesis, regulation of oxidative stress, metabolism of glutathione and chitin, cell wall reorganization. The increased impact on the regulation of primary metabolism in inducer-treated plants (both for BTH and cholinium ionic liquid derivative). The response to ToMV and PVY was more intense when infected plants were pre-treated with inducers. The increased abundances of defense priming proteins with changes in cell wall organization may block virus transport from infected spots to other tissue of the host plant so that the losses caused by the disease will be lower.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion

ORGANISM(S): Solanum Lycopersicum

TISSUE(S): Leaf

SUBMITTER: Antje Dittmann

LAB HEAD: Aleksandra Obrepalska-Steplowska

PROVIDER: PXD028672 | Pride | 2022-09-14

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	20200916_002_S223639_Mock_11_3_Day11-Mock_rep2.raw	Raw
	20200916_003_S223642_BTH_11_2_Day11-BTH.raw	Raw
	20200916_004_S223670_Chol_PVY_11_2_Day11-Chol-PVY.raw	Raw
	20200916_005_S223664_Mock_PVY_11_4_Day11-Mock-PVY.raw	Raw
	20200916_007_S223620_BTH_ToMV_8_4_Day8-BTH-TomV.raw	Raw

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Project description:BACKGROUND: The tomato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Šulc (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a pest of solanaceous crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in the U.S. and vectors the disease-causing pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’. Currently, the only effective strategies for controlling the diseases associated with this pathogen involve regular pesticide applications to manage psyllid population density. However, such practices are unsustainable and will eventually lead to widespread pesticide resistance in psyllids. Therefore, new control strategies must be developed to increase host-plant resistance to insect vectors. For example, expression of constitutive and inducible plant defenses can be improved through selection. Currently, it is still unknown whether psyllid infestation has any lasting consequences on tomato plant defense or tomato plant gene expression in general. RESULTS: To characterize the genes putatively involved in tomato defense against psyllid infestation, RNA was extracted from psyllid-infested and uninfested tomato leaves (Moneymaker) three weeks post-infestation. Transcriptome analysis identified 362 differentially expressed genes. These differentially expressed genes were primarily associated with defense responses to abiotic/biotic stress, transcription/translation, cellular signaling/transport, and photosynthesis. These gene expression changes suggested that tomato plants underwent a reduction in plant growth/health in exchange for improved defense against stress that was observable three weeks after psyllid infestation. Consistent with these observations, tomato plant growth experiments determined that the plants were shorter three weeks after psyllid infestation. Furthermore, psyllid nymphs had lower survival rates on tomato plants that had been previously psyllid infested. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that psyllid infestation has lasting consequences for tomato gene expression, defense, and growth.

Project description:Bacillus thuringiensis, a well-known and effective bio-insecticide, has attracted considerable attention as a potential biological control agent for the suppression of plant diseases. Treatment of tomato roots with a filter-sterilized cell-free filtrate (CF) of B. thuringiensis systemically suppresses bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum through systemic activation of the plant defense system. Comparative analysis of the expression of the Pathogenesis-Related 1(P6) [PR-1(P6)] gene, a marker for induced resistance to pathogens, in various tissues of tomato plants treated with CF on their roots suggested that the B. thuringiensis-induced defense system was activated in the leaf, stem, and main root tissues, but not in the lateral root tissue. At the same time, the growth of R. solanacearum was significantly suppressed in the CF-treated main root tissue but not in the CF-treated lateral root tissue. This distinct activation of the defense reaction and suppression of R. solanacearum were reflected by the differences in the transcriptional profiles of the main and lateral tissues in response to the CF. In the CF-treated main root tissue, but not CF-treated lateral root tissue, the expression of several salicylic acid (SA)-responsive defense-related genes was specifically induced, whereas jasmonic acid (JA)-related gene expression was either down-regulated or not induced in response to the CF. On the other hand, genes encoding ethylene (ET)-related proteins were induced equally in both the main and lateral root tissues. Taken together, the co-activation of SA-dependent signaling pathway with ET-dependent signaling pathway and suppression of JA-dependent signaling pathway may play key roles in B. thuringiensis-induced resistance to R. solanacearum in tomato plants. Gene expression was measured in main and lateral root tissues of tomato treated with Bacillus thuringiensis or distilled water-treated control at 48 hours after treatment. Two independent experiments were performed at each tissue (main root or lateral root tissue) for each treatment (Bacillus thuringiensis or distilled water control).

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Deciphering BTH-induced response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) and its influence on plant virus infection through a multi-omics approach

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