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Atypical U3 snoRNA Suppresses the Process of Pterygia through Modulating 18S Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

ABSTRACT: Ribosome biosynthesis plays a crucial role in regulating protein translation and is essential for cell growth and development in physiological progress. The progression and recurrence of Pterygia mainly occur due to the abnormal proliferation and migration of stromal Pterygia fibroblasts. Small nucleolar RNA U3 (U3 snoRNA), harboring the atypical C/D boxes, is involved in 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) synthesis; however, the mechanism of U3 snoRNA in Pterygia remains unclear. Methods: Primary HCFs and HPFs were separated and cultured from fresh conjunctival grafts and Pterygia tissues. The PLKO.1 lentiviral system and CRISPR/Cas9 recombinant construct were, respectively, used to overexpress and silence U3 snoRNA in HPF and HCF cells for further specific phenotypes analysis. RNA-seq and TMT-labeled quantitative protein mass spectrometry were utilized to evaluate the effect of U3 snoRNA on mRNA transcripts and protein synthesis. Results: Reduced U3 snoRNA in Pterygia promotes HCF or HPF cells' proliferation, migration, and cell cycle but has no significant effect on apoptosis. U3 snoRNA modulates 18S rRNA synthesis through shearing precursor ribosomal RNA 47S rRNA at the 5′ external transcribed spacer (5′ ETS). Moreover, the altered U3 snoRNA causes mRNA and protein differential expression in HCF or HPF cells. Conclusion: The atypical U3 snoRNA regulates the translation of specific proteins to exert a suppressive function in Pterygia through modulating the 18S RNA synthesis. Here, we uncover a novel insight into U3 snoRNA biology in the development of Pterygia.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive HF

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Cell Culture

SUBMITTER: yanzhen Zhao

LAB HEAD: xin zhang

PROVIDER: PXD030801 | Pride | 2022-05-20

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Atypical U3 snoRNA Suppresses the Process of Pterygium Through Modulating 18S Ribosomal RNA Synthesis.

Zhang Xin X Jiang Yaping Y Wang Qian Q An Weishu W Zhang Xiaoyan X Xu Ming M Chen Yihui Y

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 20220401 4

<h4>Background</h4>The progression and recurrence of pterygium mainly occur due to the abnormal proliferation and migration of stromal pterygium fibroblasts. This research explores the aberrant expression of small nucleolar RNA U3 (U3 snoRNA) in pterygium and elucidates the molecular mechanisms of U3 snoRNA in pterygium development.<h4>Methods</h4>Primary human conjunctival fibroblasts (HCFs) and human pterygium fibroblasts (HPFs) were separated and cultured from fresh conjunctiva grafts and pte ...[more]

PMID: 35472218

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Project description:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic debilitating joint disease which is strongly associated with ageing. OA involves pathological cellular processes in all joint structures and affects articular cartilage integrity, leading to dysfunctional joint articulation. The biomolecular processes that catalyze the disturbances in the articular chondrocyte phenotype leading to OA are poorly understood, and it is expected that a comprehensive understanding of the avenues leading to catabolic changes and disruption of articular chondrocyte homeostasis will provide important cues for future treatments of the condition. Chondrocytes are specialized secretory cells with highly active protein translational machinery, enabling the synthesis and maintenance of the protein-rich cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). Disturbances in chondrocyte protein translation in cartilage development and OA are connected to mTOR activity, ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR)and CHOP-mediated apoptosis. These responses change the downstream translational activity of the biosynthesized ribosome. The assembled mammalian ribosome is built from ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), together with more than 80 different protein subunits. At the heart of the ribosome, the 18S rRNA guides the decoding of the mRNA message, while an ancient ribozyme activity in the 28S rRNA forms the core of the peptidyltransferase center that polymerizes the amino acid sequence encoded by the mRNA into functional proteins. Post-transcriptional maturation of rRNAs is an integral part of the biosynthesis of ribosomes and ribonucleolytic processing of the major 47S rRNA precursor into mature 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNAs is rate limiting for ribosome biogenesis. The U3 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) is an evolutionarily highly conserved box C/D-class snoRNA which catalyzes the endoribonucleolytic processing of the 5’ external transcribed spacer (ETS) of the 47S pre-rRNA by base complementarity-guided pre-rRNA substrate recognition and plays a crucial role in the maturation of 18S rRNA. Although extensively studied in yeast, it was only recently demonstrated that U3 snoRNA is indispensable for rRNA maturation in human cells. Pathways controlling ribosome activity have previously been described in the regulation of chondrocyte homeostasis. We here now postulate that not only ribosome activity is involved in chondrocyte homeostasis, but that OA pathophysiological situations can also cause alterations in chondrocyte ribosome biogenesis with consequences for cellular protein translation. Since U3 snoRNA-driven rRNA production is rate-limiting in ribosome biogenesis, we hypothesized that the U3 snoRNA is critical for chondrocyte homeostasis. In this study we therefor aimed to determine whether OA pathophysiological conditions interact with chondrocyte U3 snoRNA levels, thereby influencing rRNA levels and chondrocyte translation capacity.

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