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Generation of zero-valent sulfur from dissimilatory sulfate reduction in sulfate-reducing microorganisms

ABSTRACT: Dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR) mediated by sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs) plays a pivotal role in global sulfur, carbon, oxygen, and iron cycles since ~3.5 billion years ago. The canonical DSR pathway is believed to be sulfate reduction to sulfide. Herein, we report a new DSR pathway in phylogenetically diverse SRMs through which zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) is directly generated. We identified that approximately 8.9% of sulfate reduction was directed toward ZVS with S8 as a predominant product, and the ratio of sulfate-to-ZVS could be changed with SRMs’ growth conditions, particularly the medium salinity. Further coculturing experiments and metadata analyses revealed that DSR-derived ZVS supported the growth of various ZVS-metabolizing microorganisms, highlighting this new pathway as an essential component of the sulfur biogeochemical cycle

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Exploris 480

ORGANISM(S): Desulfovibrio Vulgaris Str. Hildenborough

SUBMITTER: ZW Liang

LAB HEAD: Zhiwei Liang

PROVIDER: PXD040825 | Pride | 2023-04-28

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:(from abstract): Iron oxidation is a desirable trait of biomining microorganisms, although the mechanism is not well-understood in extreme thermoacidophiles. The complete genome sequence of the extremely thermoacidophilic archaeon Metallosphaera sedula DSM 5348 (2.2 Mb, ~2300 ORFs) provides insights into biologically catalyzed metal sulfide oxidation. Comparative genomics was used to identify pathways and proteins (in)directly involved with bioleaching. As expected, the M. sedula genome encodes genes related to autotrophic carbon fixation, metal tolerance, and adhesion. Also, terminal oxidase cluster organization indicates the presence of hybrid quinol-cytochrome oxidase complexes. Comparisons with the mesophilic biomining bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 indicate that the M. sedula genome encodes at least one putative rusticyanin, involved in iron oxidation. The fox gene cluster, involved in iron oxidation in the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus metallicus, could also be identified. These iron-oxidizing components are missing from genomes of non-leaching Sulfolobales like Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM 639. Whole genome transcriptional response analysis showed that 88 ORFs were up-regulated 2-fold or more in M. sedula upon addition of ferrous sulfate to yeast extract-based medium; these included components of terminal oxidase clusters predicted to be involved with iron oxidation, as well as genes predicted to be involved with sulfur metabolism. Many hypothetical proteins were also differentially transcribed, indicating that aspects of the iron and sulfur metabolism of M. sedula remain to be identified and characterized. Dye flip of Mse cells includes two samples, yeast exact (YE) and yeast extract + ferrous sulfate (YEF). The first slide, Y3F5, has YE RNA labeled with cy3 and YEF RNA labeled with cy5, while the second slide, F3Y5, has YEF RNA labeled with cy3 and YE RNA labeled with cy5. YE serves as the reference condition, with the expectation that ORFs involved with Fe2+ oxidation (and SO4 metabolism) will be upregulated on YEF (log2 fold change of YE-YEF < -1).

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Generation of zero-valent sulfur from dissimilatory sulfate reduction in sulfate-reducing microorganisms

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