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Herbivore-induced plant protein in honeydew enhances natural enemy fitness. Effect of honeydew on parasitoid fitness

ABSTRACT: The role of plant-derived food sources in plant-herbivore-carnivore interactions is an essential topic in basic ecology, and it is directly linked to the applied discipline of biological pest control. Honeydew, which phloem-feeding hemipteran insects excrete, constitutes a rich source of carbohydrates and proteins for beneficial insects in ecosystems. However, the quality of this plant-derived food source depends on its composition. Here we demonstrated that plant proteins in honeydew increase the fitness of a parasitic wasp (member of the third-trophic level).

INSTRUMENT(S): TripleTOF 6600

ORGANISM(S): Unclassified Viridiplantae

SUBMITTER: Luz Valero

LAB HEAD: Joel González-Cabrera

PROVIDER: PXD042138 | Pride | 2024-06-05

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:Over the past decades, Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) has been widely used for biocontrol of cotton bollworm, which is one of the most destructive pest insects in agriculture worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between HearNPV and host insects remains poorly understood. In this study, high throughput RNA-sequencing was integrated with label-free quantitative proteomics analysis to examine the dynamics of gene expression in the fat body of H. armigera larvae in response to challenge with HearNPV. RNA-sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis indicated that host gene expression was substantially altered, yielding 3,850 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while no global transcriptional shut-off effects were observed in the fat body. Among the DEGs, 60 immunity-related genes were down-regulated after baculovirus infection, a finding that was consistent with the results of quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene ontology and functional classification demonstrated that the majority of down-regulated genes were enriched in gene cohorts involved in energy, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolic pathways. Proteomics analysis identified differentially expressed proteins in the fat body, among which 76 were up-regulated, whereas 373 were significantly down-regulated upon infection. The down-regulated proteins are involved in metabolic pathways such as energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism (CM), and amino acid metabolism, in agreement with the RNA-seq data. Furthermore, correlation analysis suggested a strong association between the mRNA level and protein abundance in the H. armigera fat body. More importantly, the predicted gene interaction network indicated that a large subset of metabolic networks was significantly negatively regulated by viral infection, including CM-related enzymes such as aldolase, enolase, malate dehydrogenase and triose-phosphate isomerase. Taken together, transcriptomic combined with proteomic data elucidated that baculovirus established systemic infection of host larvae, and manipulated the host mainly by suppressing the host immune response and down-regulating metabolism to allow viral self-replication and proliferation. Therefore, this study provided important insights into the mechanism of host-baculovirus interaction.

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Herbivore-induced plant protein in honeydew enhances natural enemy fitness. Effect of honeydew on parasitoid fitness

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