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Palaeoproteomic variation between cortical and trabecular bone

ABSTRACT: Here we provide proteomic datasets of pairs of cortical and trabecular bone from six Early Holocene Caprinae rib fragments from the site of La Draga, Spain, using shotgun proteomics. Our observations on proteome size and protein, peptide, and amino acid degradation have implications for the sampling of archaeological skeletal remains in highly degraded proteomic contexts, where preference should be given to the sampling of cortical bone in order to maximise the retrieval of larger and better-preserved skeletal proteomes.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Exploris 480

ORGANISM(S): Caprinae

TISSUE(S): Bone

SUBMITTER: Ragnheiður Diljá Ásmundsdóttir

LAB HEAD: Frido Welker

PROVIDER: PXD047126 | Pride | 2024-07-12

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	20230607_EXPL8_EVO7_GT_collab_DDA_60SPD_P0427.raw	Raw
	20230607_EXPL8_EVO7_GT_collab_DDA_60SPD_P0428.raw	Raw
	20230607_EXPL8_EVO7_GT_collab_DDA_60SPD_P0429.raw	Raw
	20230607_EXPL8_EVO7_GT_collab_DDA_60SPD_P0430.raw	Raw
	20230607_EXPL8_EVO7_GT_collab_DDA_60SPD_P0431.raw	Raw

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Project description:Paleoproteomics and the study of ancient proteins has become an important consideration in bioarchaeological research as we seek to understand the relationship between the physical skeleton and its underlying biochemistry. Osteocalcin (OC) is an abundant, non-collagenous protein that is accessible archaeologically due to its affinity for hydroxyapatite in bone. Manufactured by the osteoblast cells during normal bone metabolism, osteocalcin is inherently linked to the process of bone remodelling. Clinical studies have consistently shown the impact of biological (i.e., sex and age) and pathological (i.e., disease) factors on osteocalcin concentrations within the body; however, this connection has yet to be fully explored bioarchaeologically. For this study, 46 individuals from the Danish Sct. Albert’s cemetery (AD 1250-1536) were analyzed with cortical bone samples harvested from the femur. Each sample was demineralized and quantified using established paleoproteomic methods (ELISA) and tested for diagenesis using FTIR-ATR. 4 samples were validated by LC-MS. No significant differences were found in the osteocalcin concentrations between adult males and females. However, males had a wider range of osteocalcin variability perhaps explained in part by their increased prevalence of pathological conditions characterized by bone remodelling. Similarly, non-adults had a wide range of osteocalcin variability but there were no significant differences when compared to the adult mean. No correlations were found between osteocalcin concentrations and diagenesis suggesting that the protein can survive across a range of temporal periods and variable burial environments. While no clear pattern emerged between osteocalcin concentrations and biological and/or pathological factors, this study is significant in that it further explores the use of paleoproteomics in bioarchaeological contexts and how we may unite our macroscopic and biochemical assessments of human skeletal remains.

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Palaeoproteomic variation between cortical and trabecular bone

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